Plasma donation involves separating the liquid portion of blood, rich in proteins and electrolytes, from blood cells for medical use. Pregnancy causes significant bodily changes, impacting blood volume and composition, which are directly relevant to plasma donation.
Donor Eligibility During Pregnancy
Plasma donation centers do not permit pregnant individuals to donate plasma. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) states that pregnant people are not eligible to donate blood plasma or platelets. This restriction ensures the safety of both the donor and the recipient, and the quality of the donated product. Centers also have specific rules regarding donation after pregnancy, typically requiring a waiting period.
Health Considerations for Mother and Fetus
During pregnancy, blood volume increases to supply oxygen and nutrients to the uterus and developing fetus. Donating plasma removes fluids and proteins, increasing the risk of complications for the pregnant individual. These include dehydration, a drop in blood pressure leading to dizziness, and a higher risk of anemia. The body must maintain adequate blood and iron levels to support both the pregnant person and the baby.
Changes in plasma composition during pregnancy also pose a concern. Pregnant individuals can develop Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antibodies in their blood. These antibodies form when the immune system responds to foreign fetal cells mixing with their blood through the placenta. While harmless to the pregnant individual, HLA antibodies can trigger Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) in a recipient. TRALI is a serious complication, making plasma containing these antibodies unsuitable for transfusion. Additionally, limited research exists on how plasma donation might affect a growing fetus.
Official Recommendations and Medical Advice
Medical organizations and blood donation agencies advise against plasma donation during pregnancy. The FDA’s guidelines prohibit pregnant individuals from donating. These recommendations are driven by the risks of HLA antibody development, which can harm recipients, and potential health complications for the pregnant donor. After pregnancy, waiting periods are required before an individual can donate plasma again.
The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests waiting at least nine months after giving birth before donating blood or plasma. Many donation centers recommend a minimum waiting period of six months postpartum. This time allows the body to recover and for blood tests to determine if HLA antibodies are still present. Always consult a healthcare provider to ensure it is safe to donate after pregnancy and to understand any specific requirements.
Steps After an Unintended Donation
If an individual donates plasma without realizing they are pregnant or are unaware of the restrictions, inform a healthcare provider immediately. The provider can assess the situation and monitor the pregnant person’s health, including iron levels and overall well-being.
Also notify the plasma donation center. While the donation will be unsuitable for transfusion due to HLA antibodies, informing the center allows them to manage the product appropriately. They may conduct additional tests to confirm antibody presence.