Monorchism means an individual has a single testicle in the scrotum instead of the typical two. This condition can be present from birth or acquired later in life. While the presence of only one testicle might raise questions, many individuals with monorchism lead healthy lives. The remaining testicle often adapts to produce hormones and sperm, allowing for normal physiological function.
Reasons for a Single Testicle
Monorchism can arise from congenital factors. One cause is cryptorchidism, where a testicle does not descend properly into the scrotum during fetal development. If uncorrected, this may require surgical removal. Another congenital reason is anorchia, the absence of one or both testicles from birth, potentially due to developmental issues.
A testicle can also be acquired later in life due to medical events or trauma. Testicular torsion, where the spermatic cord twists and cuts off blood supply, can lead to irreversible damage and necessitate surgical removal. Severe injury to the testicles, such as a strong blow, might also lead to surgical removal. Testicular cancer is another reason for an orchiectomy, the surgical procedure to remove a testicle.
Fertility and Hormone Levels
One healthy testicle is generally sufficient for producing sperm, and in many cases, individuals with monorchism can still father children. The remaining testicle often compensates for the absence of the other, increasing its sperm production. While fertility may be slightly reduced in some instances, particularly if the initial cause was an undescended testicle, many men maintain adequate sperm counts for conception.
A single healthy testicle typically produces enough testosterone to support normal male development and function. Testosterone plays a role in various bodily processes, including the development of male reproductive tissues, muscle and bone mass, and sex drive. It also influences mood, cognition, and overall well-being. Regular monitoring of hormone levels may be recommended in some cases to ensure adequate production.
Long-Term Health and Monitoring
Protecting the remaining testicle is important for long-term health. Regular self-examinations help individuals become familiar with the testicle’s normal feel and detect any changes. This involves gently rolling the testicle between the fingers to check for lumps, swelling, or changes in size or consistency. Medical professionals recommend performing these self-exams monthly, preferably during or after a warm shower when the scrotal skin is relaxed.
While having one testicle does not directly cause cancer, certain underlying conditions that lead to monorchism, such as cryptorchidism, can increase the risk of testicular cancer in the remaining testicle. An undescended testicle has a higher risk of developing cancer, even if surgically corrected. Therefore, routine medical check-ups and self-examinations are recommended to monitor the health of the remaining testicle and facilitate early detection.
Cosmetic and Emotional Well-being
Living with one testicle can sometimes impact body image and self-esteem, particularly for younger individuals or those who acquired the condition later in life. To address cosmetic concerns, a testicular prosthesis is an available option. This elective surgical procedure improves symmetry and can contribute to increased self-confidence.
The testicular prosthesis serves a cosmetic purpose and has no functional role in hormone production or fertility. Individuals considering a prosthesis should discuss their options with a healthcare provider, as it is a personal choice. Open communication with medical professionals, partners, and support groups can also help navigate emotional challenges.