Accidental ingestion of cannabis edibles by children is a serious medical emergency. Edibles are food items, such as gummies, chocolates, or baked goods, that contain tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive compound in marijuana. Because these products often look identical to common candies and snacks, they pose a significant risk to minors. Ingesting any amount of a THC edible requires immediate medical attention due to the potential for severe intoxication.
The Unique Danger of Edibles for Children
The danger posed by cannabis edibles is distinct due to high dose concentration and delayed effects. Many commercially available edibles contain high concentrations of THC intended for adult tolerance, meaning a single piece can contain multiple adult servings. A child’s lower weight means this adult-sized dose results in a disproportionately high concentration of THC in their system. Unlike inhaled cannabis, ingested THC must be digested and metabolized by the liver, delaying the onset of effects for 30 minutes to two hours, with the peak occurring three to four hours after consumption. This latency creates a significant risk of “re-dosing,” where a child consumes additional edibles before feeling the initial effects, leading to an extremely high, toxic dose.
Recognizing Signs of THC Intoxication in Minors
Symptoms of high-dose THC intoxication can range from mild disorientation to life-threatening respiratory issues. A primary sign is significant central nervous system depression, manifesting as extreme lethargy, profound drowsiness, or unresponsiveness. This altered mental state may be accompanied by poor muscle coordination (ataxia), making the child appear dizzy or unable to walk normally. Cardiovascular symptoms are also common, including a rapid heart rate (tachycardia) and sometimes a drop in blood pressure (hypotension). In severe cases, a child may experience an abnormally slow rate of breathing (bradypnea) or respiratory depression, potentially requiring intubation.
Immediate Emergency Protocol and Next Steps
If you suspect a child has ingested a cannabis edible, immediately call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or 911. Do not wait for symptoms to appear, as the delayed onset means the drug is already working its way through the child’s system. Be prepared to provide the operator with specific details, including the child’s age, weight, the exact type of edible consumed, and the estimated time and amount ingested. If the child is unresponsive, struggling to breathe, or experiencing a seizure, call 911 immediately.
While awaiting emergency services, remain calm and continuously monitor the child’s breathing and responsiveness. Do not attempt to induce vomiting or give the child food or liquids unless specifically instructed by a medical professional. If possible, secure the edible’s packaging, as it contains information on the THC concentration needed by medical staff.
Hospital Treatment
Treatment for THC poisoning is primarily supportive care, as there is no specific antidote for cannabis intoxication. Medical staff focus on maintaining the child’s airway, breathing, and circulation, which may involve supplemental oxygen or respiratory support. They monitor the child’s heart rate, blood pressure, and neurological status closely, often for extended periods, as the effects of edibles can last up to 12 hours. Hospitalization may be necessary for prolonged observation.
Preventing Accidental Ingestion
The most effective way to prevent accidental ingestion is through secure storage practices, treating edibles like any other harmful household chemical or medication. All cannabis products must be kept in their original, child-resistant packaging and should never be transferred to another container. Edibles must be stored in a locked cabinet or a lockbox, completely out of sight and reach of children. Storing them on a high shelf is insufficient, as children can climb. Furthermore, edibles should never be kept in the same location as regular food items, such as a pantry or refrigerator, to eliminate confusion with ordinary snacks.