Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is a perennial herb in the mint family, native to Europe and Asia, but now grows widely across the world. While the plant is famous for inducing a dramatic, euphoric reaction in many felines, its effects on humans are markedly different. Humans have consumed catnip for centuries, typically prepared as an herbal infusion. The herb is generally considered non-toxic when consumed in moderation, but the experience is far from the intense reaction observed in cats.
How Catnip Interacts with the Human Body
The primary active compound in catnip is nepetalactone, a volatile oil concentrated in the plant’s leaves and stems. This chemical is responsible for the herb’s effect on cats, where it binds to olfactory receptors, triggering a neurological response. Humans, however, lack the specific neuroreceptors that allow nepetalactone to produce the same psychoactive or euphoric response. This biological difference means the chemical does not cause a “high” in people.
When ingested, nepetalactone and other compounds appear to interact with the human central nervous system (CNS) in a much milder way. Extracts of Nepeta cataria have shown CNS depressant activity in animal studies, suggesting a potential calming effect. This mild action is sometimes attributed to interaction with GABAergic pathways in the brain, which promote relaxation. The herb also contains other constituents that act on smooth muscle tissue, contributing to its traditional uses beyond sedation.
Documented Effects of Ingestion
The most frequently reported effect of consuming catnip, usually in the form of tea, is a gentle sense of relaxation and mild sedation. Historically, herbalists in North America and Europe used catnip tea as a natural remedy to help with restlessness and promote sleep. Modern anecdotal reports suggest a similar mild tranquilizing effect that can contribute to improved sleep quality when consumed shortly before bedtime.
Beyond its calming properties, catnip has long been used as a digestive aid. This benefit is linked to the herb’s ability to act as an antispasmodic, which can help relax the smooth muscles lining the gastrointestinal tract. By easing these involuntary contractions, catnip can provide relief from minor stomach discomfort, gas, and bloating.
In rare cases involving very large quantities, some individuals have reported experiencing mild, temporary effects such as slight drowsiness or increased perspiration. The overall documented human experience is one of mild, gentle support for the nervous and digestive systems. The herb’s traditional uses as a mild herbal remedy underscore its reputation for subtle physiological changes.
Safety Concerns and Dosage Considerations
Catnip is widely regarded as non-toxic for most healthy adults when consumed in small, measured amounts, such as the standard preparation of an herbal tea. A typical dose for an infusion involves steeping about one to two teaspoons of dried catnip leaves in hot water. Limiting consumption to a few cups per day is generally accepted as a safe level for occasional use.
The primary concerns regarding human consumption arise when the herb is taken in excessive quantities. Ingesting large doses, such as multiple strong cups of tea or concentrated extracts, can potentially lead to adverse side effects. These reactions may include headaches, general stomach upset, nausea, or vomiting.
High-Risk Groups
Certain populations should avoid catnip ingestion entirely due to specific health risks. It is considered likely unsafe for pregnant women because some compounds in the herb may stimulate uterine contractions, potentially posing a risk. Individuals taking sedative medications should also exercise caution, as the mild sedative properties of catnip could compound the effects of prescription drugs, leading to excessive drowsiness. Always consult a healthcare provider before introducing catnip into your regimen, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.