House centipedes (Scutigera coleoptrata) are common arthropods found in homes, often observed moving quickly across floors or walls. These creatures are primarily nocturnal predators, feeding on household pests such as insects and spiders. While their appearance, with numerous long legs, can be unsettling, house centipedes generally pose little threat to humans. Bites from house centipedes are rare and typically not considered dangerous. They prefer to retreat from humans, only biting if they feel threatened or are cornered.
The Sensation and Initial Reaction
When a house centipede bites, it uses specialized pincer-like appendages near its mouth called forcipules to inject venom. The immediate sensation of a house centipede bite is often compared to a mild bee sting or a minor spider bite. The pain is typically not severe.
Following the bite, a small, V-shaped mark or two distinct puncture marks may appear on the skin, reflecting the structure of the centipede’s forcipules. The bite site can show immediate signs of redness and some localized swelling. The reaction is generally localized to the immediate area.
Common Symptoms and Home Care
After a house centipede bite, individuals typically experience mild, localized symptoms. These can include usually mild to moderate pain, a burning sensation at the bite site, redness, swelling, and itching. A tingling or “pins and needles” sensation might also occur around the affected area.
These symptoms are usually temporary, often subsiding within a few hours to 48 hours. For home care, clean the bite area immediately with soap and water to prevent infection. Applying a cold compress or ice pack can help reduce burning sensations, swelling, and pain.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can provide relief. Additionally, topical over-the-counter corticosteroids or oral antihistamines may be used to alleviate itchiness and inflammation.
When to Seek Medical Help
While most house centipede bites are minor and resolve with home care, seek medical attention if signs of an allergic reaction develop. These signs can include difficulty breathing, widespread rash, dizziness, hives, or swelling that extends beyond the bite site. Rapid heart rate or low blood pressure also indicate a severe allergic response.
Medical consultation is also advisable for signs of an infection at the bite site, such as increasing redness, warmth to the touch, pus, or red streaks spreading from the wound. A fever may also indicate an infection. If symptoms worsen significantly, persist beyond 48 hours, or if the individual bitten is a small child, seek medical advice.