Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or around the anus. They are a common condition that develops from increased pressure in these areas. While often manageable, a hemorrhoid, particularly a thrombosed external one, can burst. This event, though alarming due to blood, is generally not as dangerous as it may seem.
Immediate Experience
When a hemorrhoid bursts, individuals often feel a sudden pop or pressure release, followed by wetness. This is usually accompanied by bright red blood, visible on toilet paper, in the toilet, or on clothing. The bleeding can appear significant but is temporary, typically lasting seconds to minutes.
Pain varies significantly. Before bursting, a thrombosed hemorrhoid causes intense, constant pain due to pressure buildup. However, bursting often brings relief as the trapped blood’s pressure is released. Along with blood, a small amount of tissue or a blood clot may be observed.
When Medical Attention is Needed
While a burst hemorrhoid often resolves without severe complications, certain signs require prompt medical attention. Seek immediate consultation if bleeding is excessive or continuous, such as soaking through pads or turning toilet water red with large clots. Symptoms like dizziness, lightheadedness, or weakness, signaling significant blood loss, also need urgent evaluation.
Severe or worsening pain, fever, chills, pus, or increased redness and swelling suggest a potential infection. Black, tarry stools (melena) indicate bleeding higher in the digestive tract, not typically from a burst hemorrhoid, and require medical help. If symptoms do not improve or worsen after a few days of self-care, consult a doctor.
Managing the Aftermath
After a hemorrhoid bursts, self-care measures can manage discomfort and promote healing. Gently clean the affected area with warm water, avoiding harsh wiping. Applying cold compresses or ice packs wrapped in cloth can reduce swelling and pain.
Sitz baths, soaking the anal area in warm water for 10 to 15 minutes several times daily, soothe the area and promote healing. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help, but avoid NSAIDs for bleeding hemorrhoids as they may increase bleeding. Topical creams with witch hazel or hydrocortisone can relieve itching and swelling. Most burst hemorrhoids heal within days to weeks with proper care.
Preventing Future Hemorrhoids
Preventing future hemorrhoids involves lifestyle changes that promote regular, soft bowel movements. Increase dietary fiber through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to soften stool and reduce straining. Drink plenty of water for softer stools.
Regular physical activity promotes bowel regularity and reduces pressure on anal veins. Avoid prolonged sitting, especially on the toilet, as it increases rectal vein pressure. Respond promptly to the urge to have a bowel movement to prevent straining. If dietary changes are insufficient, consider stool softeners or fiber supplements.