A “burst” hemorrhoid refers to the rupture of a thrombosed external hemorrhoid, a common occurrence. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus. Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms inside the vein, creating a painful lump beneath the skin. When the pressure from this trapped blood becomes too great, the overlying skin breaks, allowing the clot and blood to escape. This event is typically not a medical emergency, but it requires immediate attention and self-care.
The Immediate Aftermath of a Rupture
The physical event of a ruptured thrombosed hemorrhoid is characterized by sudden bleeding and a distinct sensation of pressure relief. The blood is usually bright red and may appear surprisingly profuse, often staining the toilet bowl or the toilet paper. This bleeding, while startling, is typically brief, lasting from a few seconds up to about 10 minutes.
The intense pain associated with the thrombosed hemorrhoid often subsides almost immediately after the rupture occurs. This relief is due to the release of the built-up pressure. Once the pressure is gone, the severe throbbing pain is replaced by a milder discomfort as the wound begins to heal. Any rectal bleeding should be professionally evaluated to ensure it is not caused by other conditions.
Essential First Steps and Home Care
The first priority after a rupture is to manage the bleeding and maintain hygiene to prevent infection, as the site is now an open wound. Apply gentle pressure to the area with a clean cloth or sanitary pad to help stop the bleeding. Cleaning the affected area must be done gently, using warm water without harsh soap, and avoiding scrubbing.
Soaking the area in a warm bath, known as a Sitz bath, is recommended to soothe the wound and aid healing. Soak the anal area in plain warm water for 10 to 15 minutes, two or three times a day, or after every bowel movement. For pain management, over-the-counter options like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be helpful. However, avoid aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) if bleeding is active, as they can increase the risk of further bleeding.
When to Seek Medical Attention and Expected Recovery
While a burst hemorrhoid usually heals on its own, certain symptoms require immediate medical intervention. Seek urgent care if the bleeding is heavy, persistent, or lasts for more than 10 minutes, especially if you notice signs of excessive blood loss. Systemic symptoms, such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting, also indicate a need for prompt professional attention.
Signs of a possible infection, including fever, chills, or pus draining from the wound, necessitate a doctor’s visit. The typical recovery time for a small, ruptured thrombosed hemorrhoid is about four to seven days for the site to close and begin healing. If the pain does not improve after a few days of home care, or if symptoms persist for more than a week, a medical evaluation can help ensure proper healing.