Glow sticks produce light through chemiluminescence when bent. These novelty items are sealed, but accidental breakage can occur if the plastic casing is bitten or chewed. When the liquid spills into the mouth, the immediate concern is poisoning or serious injury. However, this situation typically results in local irritation rather than systemic toxicity. Knowing the contents and proper steps ensures safety and resolves anxiety.
Understanding the Glow Stick Chemicals
The liquid inside a glow stick contains several chemical components necessary for the light-producing reaction. One component is a phenyl oxalate ester, such as diphenyl oxalate, mixed with a fluorescent dye that determines the color. This mixture is contained in the outer plastic tube.
The second component, typically hydrogen peroxide, is sealed within a small, fragile glass vial inside the larger tube. Bending the stick breaks this vial, allowing the hydrogen peroxide to mix with the ester and dye. This mixing generates energy that the dye converts into visible light.
The contents are generally considered non-toxic in the small quantities released, but they are potent irritants. Solvents like dibutyl phthalate cause the oily consistency and immediate discomfort upon contact. Since the volume of liquid is small, the risk of serious systemic poisoning is low.
Common Symptoms of Oral Exposure
The initial reaction to the liquid is typically a strong, unpleasant taste and a burning or stinging sensation. This irritation occurs when the chemical components contact the sensitive mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue. The reaction is localized and does not indicate a chemical burn or poisoning.
Common immediate responses include gagging, excessive salivation, and minor throat soreness. These occur as the body attempts to flush out the foul-tasting substance. The fluorescent dye may temporarily cause the lips, tongue, or gums to glow under low light, which is harmless. If swallowed, the liquid may cause minor, short-lived gastrointestinal upset, such as mild nausea.
Immediate Response and First Aid
The first priority is to immediately rinse the mouth thoroughly with generous amounts of water for several minutes. Swish the water around the oral cavity and spit repeatedly to dilute and remove the chemical residue. Use a clean, damp washcloth to wipe the tongue, gums, and inside of the cheeks to ensure no oily residue remains.
To address any swallowed liquid and soothe the irritated digestive tract, the affected person should drink small amounts of water or milk. This liquid helps further dilute the substance and may reduce minor stomach upset. Do not attempt to induce vomiting, as it is unnecessary and increases the risk of aspiration.
Contacting the national Poison Control Center is necessary for personalized guidance, even if symptoms appear mild. They provide expert advice based on the specific glow stick and the amount of liquid involved. Seek immediate emergency medical attention if the person shows signs of severe choking, persistent vomiting, or difficulty breathing.