When a blood vessel appears to “pop” in your eye, it can look quite alarming, often presenting as a vivid red spot on the white part of your eye. This common occurrence, medically known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage, typically happens without pain or vision changes. While its sudden appearance might cause concern, it is usually a harmless condition that resolves on its own.
Understanding a Popped Blood Vessel in the Eye
A subconjunctival hemorrhage involves bleeding from a small blood vessel located just beneath the conjunctiva, which is the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye, known as the sclera. This blood collects between the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera, resulting in a bright red patch. The blood is on the surface of the eye, similar to a bruise on the skin, and not inside the eye itself.
The appearance can range from a small spot to a larger area covering much of the white of the eye, and it cannot be wiped away because the blood is trapped under the conjunctiva. This condition generally causes no pain, swelling, or changes in vision. Some individuals might experience a mild scratchy or irritating sensation, but there is typically no discharge.
Common Triggers
Many cases of subconjunctival hemorrhage occur spontaneously, with no clear identifiable cause. However, various everyday activities can lead to the rupture of these tiny, fragile blood vessels. Any action that temporarily increases pressure in the head or neck can be a trigger. Common examples include forceful sneezing, vigorous coughing, or straining during activities like heavy lifting, bowel movements, or childbirth. Minor trauma to the eye or even rubbing the eyes too hard can also cause a vessel to break.
When to Consult a Doctor
While a subconjunctival hemorrhage is often harmless, certain signs warrant a medical evaluation to rule out more serious conditions. It is advisable to consult a healthcare provider if the red spot is accompanied by eye pain, changes in vision, or any discharge from the eye. These additional symptoms could suggest a different type of eye condition that requires professional attention. Medical consultation is also recommended if the hemorrhage occurred after a significant eye injury or head trauma, as this could indicate a more serious issue like a ruptured globe or retrobulbar hematoma. Individuals who experience recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages should seek evaluation, especially if they have underlying conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or a known bleeding disorder. Additionally, if you are taking blood-thinning medications, a doctor should be informed. If the red patch does not begin to improve or significantly reduce in size within two weeks, professional advice should be sought.
Healing and Prevention
A subconjunctival hemorrhage typically resolves on its own without the need for specific treatment. The healing process is similar to that of a bruise elsewhere on the body, with the blood gradually being reabsorbed by the body over time. This usually takes about one to two weeks, though larger hemorrhages may take up to three weeks to fully clear. As the blood reabsorbs, the bright red color may change, often appearing yellowish or brownish before completely fading. There are no treatments that can speed up this natural process.
To help prevent future occurrences, individuals can try to avoid vigorous eye rubbing and manage conditions that increase pressure, such as controlling high blood pressure or addressing chronic cough.