Recovering from shoulder surgery generally follows a predictable course. Understanding the stages of this recovery can help prepare patients for what lies ahead. This process involves managing discomfort, engaging in structured physical rehabilitation, and gradually resuming regular activities.
The First Few Days After Surgery
The immediate period following shoulder surgery centers on managing discomfort and protecting the surgical site. Patients often experience pain as the effects of anesthesia and nerve blocks diminish, typically within 12 to 24 hours. Healthcare providers commonly prescribe a combination of medications, including over-the-counter options like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, and stronger pain relievers such as opioids for more severe discomfort. Applying cold packs to the shoulder can also help reduce swelling and pain.
A sling or immobilization device is typically used for several weeks (often four to six) to protect healing tissues and limit shoulder movement. During this initial phase, avoid lifting, pushing, pulling, or reaching with the operated arm. While the shoulder remains immobilized, patients are encouraged to move their fingers, wrist, and elbow to prevent stiffness. Resting in a reclined position can provide more comfort and aid sleep.
Navigating Your Rehabilitation
Physical rehabilitation is a central component of recovery after shoulder surgery, guiding the return of function and mobility. Rehabilitation typically begins soon after surgery, focusing initially on gentle, passive movements where a therapist or gravity moves the arm. The goal of this early stage is to prevent stiffness, maintain flexibility, and promote circulation without stressing healing tissues. These exercises help establish a foundation for more active engagement.
As healing progresses, rehabilitation moves into phases that gradually increase activity and challenge the shoulder. Active-assisted exercises are introduced, where the patient uses their unoperated arm or a device to assist movement, followed by active exercises where the operated arm moves independently. Strengthening exercises, often involving resistance bands or light weights, are then incorporated to rebuild muscle strength and endurance around the shoulder joint. This progression helps to improve stability and prepare the shoulder for daily tasks.
A physical therapist plays a significant role throughout this journey, designing personalized exercise programs and offering guidance. They ensure exercises are performed correctly to maximize gains while preventing re-injury. Rehabilitation can last several months (often four to six), potentially longer depending on surgery complexity and individual progress. Consistent adherence to the therapy plan is important for achieving the best possible outcome.
Common Challenges and Warning Signs
Patients may encounter some common challenges during shoulder surgery recovery, such as persistent stiffness, swelling, or mild pain, even with appropriate management. Swelling can sometimes lead to temporary numbness or tingling if it affects nearby nerves. While these issues are often part of the normal healing process, certain signs warrant immediate medical attention.
It is important to watch for indications of potential complications like infection. Signs of infection can include increased redness, warmth, and swelling around the incision site, or drainage of pus or fluid. A fever, particularly above 101°F (38.3°C), or pain that worsens despite medication and rest, are also concerning symptoms. Additionally, new or worsening numbness, tingling, or a significant loss of motion in the hand or fingers, or if the hand appears cool or changes color, could indicate nerve involvement or circulation issues that require prompt evaluation.
Returning to Your Routine
Resuming daily activities after shoulder surgery is a gradual process, guided by the body’s healing and rehabilitation timeline. Driving typically requires waiting until the sling is no longer needed and the shoulder has regained sufficient mobility and strength (one to two weeks for minor procedures, six to twelve for more extensive surgeries). Avoid driving while taking narcotic pain medications.
Showering usually becomes possible within 48 to 72 hours after surgery, though care must be taken to keep the incision dry until it is fully closed and sealed. Many find using a handheld showerhead helpful, and the sling may be removed during showering if the arm is kept supported. For dressing, starting with the operated arm first and undressing it last can simplify the process.
Returning to work depends on the nature of the job; desk-based roles might be resumed in two to three weeks, while jobs involving lifting or strenuous activity could require three to four months off. Resuming sports or demanding hobbies often takes longer, typically four to six months or even up to a year for some activities, to ensure full strength and stability. Long-term shoulder health involves continuing with exercises to maintain strength and flexibility, and listening to the body’s signals to avoid overexertion.