Deworming in humans involves taking medication to eliminate parasitic worms from the body, primarily those residing in the intestines. This process aims to remove these organisms that can cause a range of health issues, from digestive discomfort to nutritional deficiencies. The medications work by either killing or paralyzing the worms, allowing the body to expel them.
Expected Physical Changes
After deworming medication, individuals often experience changes in bowel movements as the body expels parasites. The worms, affected by the medication, are typically passed out through feces, sometimes within hours, though for some, this can take 2-3 days.
Modern deworming medications often cause worms to dissolve in the stool, so they may not be visibly present. However, dead or partially digested worms can appear, indicating the treatment is working. Mild, temporary abdominal discomfort or cramps may also occur as the intestines clear the parasites.
Potential Side Effects
While deworming is generally safe and effective, some individuals may experience mild, temporary side effects. Common reactions include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headaches. These symptoms usually resolve within a day or two.
Mild diarrhea or general fatigue may also occur. These effects are a temporary response as the body processes the medication and eliminates the worms. If they persist or become bothersome, seek medical advice.
Confirming Treatment Success
Treatment success is indicated by the resolution of initial symptoms, such as itching, abdominal pain, or unexplained fatigue, which should subside within a few weeks. Adhering to the full prescribed course, which may include a second dose for certain worm types, is important for complete eradication and preventing re-infection.
A doctor may recommend a follow-up stool test to confirm the complete absence of parasites or their eggs. This analysis verifies successful deworming. If symptoms do not improve after two weeks or if live worms are still passed, further medical consultation is needed.
Preventing Re-infection
Preventing re-infection is important after successful deworming. Thorough handwashing with soap and warm water is a primary defense, especially after using the toilet and before preparing or eating food. Keeping fingernails short and avoiding nail-biting can also reduce the risk of re-ingesting worm eggs.
Proper food hygiene is also important, including thoroughly washing and peeling raw fruits and vegetables, and cooking meat and fish to safe temperatures. Regularly washing underwear, nightwear, and bed linen in hot water helps eliminate lingering eggs in the household.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While mild side effects are common after deworming, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Seek professional guidance if symptoms persist or worsen significantly after treatment, or if severe side effects occur. For example, seek medical attention if you experience fever, increased fatigue, or persistent vomiting.
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as a rash, itching, hives, or swelling of the lips, mouth, throat, or tongue, require immediate medical attention. Also, consult a healthcare provider if you notice blood or pus in your stool, experience unexplained weight loss, or have severe, prolonged diarrhea or stomach pain lasting more than two weeks.