Collective nouns for animals move far beyond the generic “flock” or “group,” assigning specific, sometimes whimsical, names to collections of the same species. Birds possess some of the most evocative collective nouns in the English language, reflecting their observed behaviors and a history of human fascination. This tradition assigns unique identifiers that enrich our descriptions of the natural world.
The Bird Called a Congress
The collective noun “congress” is an accepted term for a group of owls, although it is not the only or even the most common name. A group of these nocturnal raptors is more frequently referred to as a “parliament” of owls. The similarity between “congress” and “parliament” highlights the political metaphor applied to these birds. This naming convention likely stems from the owl’s appearance of solemnity and wisdom, which has long been established in folklore and literature. The large, forward-facing eyes and often serious demeanor give the impression of deep contemplation, suitable for a legislative assembly.
The Historical Origin of Collective Nouns
The tradition of assigning these highly specific and imaginative terms to groups of animals dates back to the medieval period in England. Many of the most unique collective nouns originated in the 15th century, popularized by a text known as the Book of St. Albans. Published in 1486, this work was a guide for the aristocratic class, covering topics like hunting, hawking, and heraldry. The author, often attributed to Dame Juliana Berners, included an appendix of these specialized terms. The original intent was likely to create a form of social etiquette, allowing the gentry to demonstrate their knowledge of hunting culture through a distinct vocabulary.
Other Notable Avian Group Names
Other collective nouns derive their inspiration from the bird’s reputation or observed characteristics. For instance, a group of crows is famously known as a “murder,” reflecting the crow’s historical association with death and dark omens in various folklore traditions. A group of ravens, close relatives of the crow, is called an “unkindness,” possibly originating from the perception that ravens were poor parents. In contrast, a gathering of finches is known as a “charm,” stemming from the bird’s colorful appearance and delightful song. Another evocative example is a “kettle” of hawks or vultures, which refers to the way they circle upward on thermal air currents, resembling steam rising from a boiling pot.