Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common bacterium that infects the stomach, leading to inflammation, ulcers, and discomfort. While medical treatment involves antibiotics, dietary adjustments can significantly help manage symptoms and support recovery. Limiting or avoiding certain foods can alleviate irritation and promote healing.
Foods to Limit or Exclude
Certain foods and beverages can exacerbate H. pylori symptoms and impede healing. Spicy foods, such as chilies, hot sauces, garlic, mustard, and pepper, should be limited or avoided as they can irritate the stomach lining.
Acidic foods also warrant careful consideration. Citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, and pineapples, along with tomatoes and vinegar-based dressings, can increase stomach acid production and contribute to pain and heartburn. Highly acidic foods can directly irritate the gastric mucosa.
High-fat foods, including fried items, fatty meats, and rich desserts, tend to slow digestion. This can lead to food remaining in the stomach for extended periods, potentially worsening symptoms.
Caffeine, found in coffee, some teas, and energy drinks, can stimulate stomach movement and gastric acid secretion, which may increase irritation. Alcohol, including beer and wine, is also known to increase stomach inflammation and worsen symptoms.
Highly processed foods and refined sugars often contain preservatives and chemical additives that can irritate the stomach and increase inflammation. Studies also indicate a link between high consumption of ultra-processed foods and an increased risk of H. pylori infection. Carbonated beverages, such as sodas, can cause stomach distension, leading to pain and acid reflux. Additionally, while individual tolerance varies, some people may find dairy products to be a common irritant.
How Certain Foods Affect H. pylori Symptoms
Acidic and spicy foods can directly irritate an already compromised stomach lining. This irritation can intensify the inflammation caused by H. pylori, leading to increased discomfort and pain. Spicy foods can also increase gastric acid production.
High-fat foods contribute to discomfort by slowing gastric emptying. When food remains in the stomach longer, it can prolong acid exposure to the inflamed lining, exacerbating symptoms.
Caffeine and alcohol stimulate the production of stomach acid. This increased acidity can further irritate the stomach and may also relax the lower esophageal sphincter, potentially leading to acid reflux.
Processed foods and refined sugars may contribute to systemic inflammation and can negatively influence the balance of gut microbiota. The high salt content often found in processed foods can also damage the stomach’s mucous barrier, making it more susceptible to H. pylori colonization. High carbohydrate levels, particularly from soft drinks, may also aid the bacterium’s survival in acidic environments.
Supportive Dietary Approaches
Eating smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day can help reduce stomach distension and minimize excessive acid production.
Staying well-hydrated is also important. Drinking adequate water can help maintain the integrity of the stomach’s protective mucus layer.
Chewing food thoroughly aids the initial stages of digestion and can reduce the burden on the stomach.
Incorporating gentle, easily digestible foods, such as peeled fruits and cooked vegetables, can support healing without causing further irritation. Fermented foods, like yogurt and sauerkraut, are sources of probiotics, which can help restore a healthy balance of gut bacteria, particularly after antibiotic treatment.