When you have COVID-19, thoughtful dietary choices can aid comfort and recovery. While no specific diet treats the infection, certain foods and drinks can worsen symptoms or hinder healing. Avoiding certain foods can help manage symptoms and support well-being.
Foods That Can Aggravate Symptoms
Certain foods can irritate common COVID-19 symptoms: sore throat, cough, nausea, or diarrhea. Spicy foods can cause a burning sensation in the throat and stomach, worsening an irritated throat or upsetting a sensitive digestive system. While some believe capsaicin can thin mucus, it can also increase mucus production and inflammation, leading to more discomfort and coughing.
Greasy or fatty foods are often difficult to digest, leading to nausea, stomach cramps, or diarrhea. They can also increase inflammation, worsening a sore throat or stomach upset. Similarly, acidic foods like citrus fruits or tomato-based sauces can irritate a sore throat and contribute to acid reflux, intensifying a cough.
Hard or crunchy foods like chips, crackers, or dry toast can be abrasive and cause pain when swallowed, making a tender throat feel worse. Very hot or very cold foods and beverages can also be uncomfortable or irritating to a sensitive throat. For some, dairy products might increase mucus production, worsening congestion or a cough, or cause digestive upset if lactose intolerant.
Highly Processed and Inflammatory Foods
Some foods can contribute to systemic inflammation and hinder the body’s ability to fight infection and recover. Foods high in added sugars, like sugary drinks, candies, and pastries, can suppress immune function and promote inflammation. Excessive sugar intake can also lead to energy crashes, exacerbating the fatigue often experienced with COVID-19.
Refined carbohydrates, including white bread, white rice, and pasta, offer limited nutritional value and can cause rapid blood sugar spikes. These fluctuations can contribute to inflammation. A diet high in refined carbohydrates has also been linked to increased mucus production, which can prolong a chesty cough.
Unhealthy fats, such as trans fats and excessive saturated fats found in fried foods, fast foods, and processed snacks, can promote inflammation. This response is counterproductive when the immune system is under stress from fighting infection. Ultra-processed foods lack essential nutrients, fiber, and beneficial compounds, making them poor choices for recovery.
Drinks and Substances to Limit
Staying well-hydrated is important during illness, but certain beverages and substances can impede this process or affect recovery. Alcohol is dehydrating and can suppress the immune system, making it harder to fight off the virus. It can also interact negatively with medications and worsen fatigue, delaying recovery.
Excessive caffeine intake can also contribute to dehydration and disrupt sleep patterns, both detrimental to healing. While a small amount of caffeine might be tolerated, large quantities should be avoided for optimal hydration and rest. Water, broths, and electrolyte solutions are better choices for fluid balance.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While dietary adjustments can support your recovery, they are not a substitute for medical care. Consult a healthcare professional if your COVID-19 symptoms are severe or worsen. Seek medical attention if you experience persistent severe symptoms, significant dehydration, or are unable to keep food or fluids down.