Ezetimibe is a medication prescribed to help manage cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which contributes to plaque buildup in arteries. While ezetimibe reduces cholesterol absorption, dietary choices are important for optimizing its effectiveness and supporting overall cardiovascular health.
How Ezetimibe Works
Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor that acts primarily in the small intestine. It selectively blocks a protein called Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1), responsible for absorbing cholesterol from the gut into intestinal cells. By inhibiting this protein, ezetimibe significantly reduces the amount of dietary and bile cholesterol entering the bloodstream.
Dietary Recommendations for Cholesterol Control
While ezetimibe directly limits cholesterol absorption, its benefits are best supported by a diet that is mindful of unhealthy fats. Foods high in saturated and trans fats can elevate “bad” LDL cholesterol, working against the medication’s goal. Limiting these foods helps to reduce the overall burden of cholesterol the body needs to process.
Saturated fats are commonly found in many animal-based products and certain plant oils. These include fatty cuts of red meat like beef, lamb, and pork, as well as processed meats such as sausages and bacon. Full-fat dairy products, including butter, cream, whole milk, and most cheeses, are also significant sources. Many commercially baked goods, like pastries, cookies, and cakes, often contain high amounts of saturated fats from ingredients like butter or shortening. Tropical oils, such as coconut oil and palm oil, are also notably high in saturated fat.
Trans fats are another type of unhealthy fat that should be minimized. These fats are often found in fried foods and many ultra-processed snacks and commercially prepared baked goods. Trans fats are particularly detrimental because they not only raise LDL cholesterol but also lower “good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, further increasing cardiovascular risk. While dietary cholesterol itself, found only in animal products, has less impact on blood cholesterol for many individuals compared to saturated and trans fats, foods high in dietary cholesterol frequently contain substantial amounts of saturated fat. Examples include high-fat meats and full-fat dairy products.
Foods to Include
Incorporating specific foods into your diet can complement the action of ezetimibe and further support healthy cholesterol levels. Focusing on sources of fiber, healthy fats, and plant-based proteins provides a comprehensive approach to managing cholesterol. These foods help to either reduce cholesterol absorption or improve the balance of cholesterol in the body.
Soluble fiber is particularly beneficial because it forms a gel in the digestive tract, which helps to bind cholesterol and prevent its absorption. Excellent sources of soluble fiber include oats, barley, and whole grains. Legumes such as beans and lentils, along with various fruits like apples and berries, and vegetables like Brussels sprouts, also provide ample soluble fiber. Consuming at least 5 to 10 grams of soluble fiber daily can lead to a notable reduction in LDL cholesterol levels.
Healthy fats, specifically monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, can positively influence blood cholesterol. Monounsaturated fats are abundant in olive oil, avocados, and certain nuts like almonds and peanuts. These fats can help lower LDL cholesterol and may even contribute to raising HDL cholesterol. Polyunsaturated fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are essential fats the body cannot produce on its own. They are found in fatty fish like salmon and mackerel, as well as in walnuts, flaxseeds, and vegetable oils such as sunflower, corn, and soybean oil.
Replacing some animal protein with plant-based protein sources can also contribute to lower LDL cholesterol. Foods like soy products, including tofu, tempeh, and edamame, are good examples of plant-based proteins that can support cholesterol management. Beans, lentils, and a variety of nuts also offer beneficial plant proteins. Combining plant proteins with other cholesterol-lowering foods, such as viscous fibers, can lead to more significant reductions in LDL cholesterol.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Always consult with a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or a registered dietitian, before making significant dietary changes. They can provide personalized advice tailored to your specific health conditions, medication regimen, and nutritional needs. It is important never to discontinue or alter your medication dosage without guidance from your healthcare provider.