Utah Lake, a large freshwater body in Utah County, is a unique ecosystem supporting diverse aquatic life. This expansive, shallow lake, nestled within the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, plays a significant role in the region’s natural landscape. Its waters are home to various fish populations, reflecting both indigenous heritage and human introduction. This article explores the types of fish found in Utah Lake, including native and introduced species.
Native Fish Species
Historically, Utah Lake was home to thirteen native fish species, though only a few remain in the main body today. Among the most notable survivors are the June Sucker and the Utah Sucker. The June Sucker, endemic to Utah Lake and its tributaries, serves as an indicator species for ecosystem health.
The June Sucker was federally listed as an endangered species in 1986 due to significant population declines, but its status was reclassified to “threatened” in February 2021, thanks to dedicated conservation efforts. These efforts include the removal of non-native species, population stocking, and habitat restoration, particularly in tributary rivers like the Provo River. The Utah Sucker also persists in the lake.
Another native species, the Utah Chub, was once abundant but is now primarily found in its tributaries. This minnow species is native to the Bonneville Basin and is known for its adaptability. Utah Chubs are omnivorous, consuming plants, insects, and crustaceans.
Introduced Fish Species
Over the years, more than 20 non-native fish species have been introduced into Utah Lake, with several establishing self-sustaining populations. These introductions, sometimes intentional for food or recreational angling, have significantly altered the lake’s fish community. Common Carp, for instance, were introduced in 1883 as a food source after native fish populations were overharvested.
Today, Common Carp represent a substantial portion of the lake’s fish biomass, estimated at around 90%. Other successful introduced species include Walleye, White Bass, Channel Catfish, and Largemouth Bass. Walleye and White Bass are prevalent throughout the lake.
Channel Catfish were introduced to provide angling opportunities and thrive in the lake’s warmer, eutrophic conditions. Largemouth Bass, a popular sport fish, also have established healthy populations. More recently, Northern Pike have been illegally introduced, posing a new challenge to the ecosystem.
Fishing Opportunities
Utah Lake offers varied fishing experiences, with many introduced species popular targets for anglers. White Bass are among the most abundant sport fish, often caught in large numbers. Channel Catfish are also highly sought after for their size and fight, and are relatively simple to catch.
Largemouth Bass fishing is productive, especially on the eastern side of the lake. Walleye also present an exciting catch, though they can be less common. While less frequently targeted, Common Carp are abundant and can be caught. There is no limit on white bass. Anglers must immediately release any June Sucker caught and kill any Northern Pike.