Pink eye, or conjunctivitis, is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, a clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. This common condition causes discomfort, making the eyes appear red or pink. Understanding its specific cause is important for selecting appropriate eyedrops.
Different Types of Pink Eye
Pink eye is a general term for a symptom, not a single disease; effective treatment relies on identifying its root cause. Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious, often accompanies a cold, and typically presents with watery discharge. Bacterial conjunctivitis is also contagious, characterized by thicker, yellowish-green discharge, and may spread from one eye. Allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious, usually affects both eyes, and causes intense itching and watery eyes, often triggered by environmental allergens. Irritant conjunctivitis results from exposure to foreign objects, chemicals, or smoke and is not contagious, with symptoms resolving once the irritant is removed.
Eyedrops for Viral Cases
Specific antiviral eyedrops are generally not available or necessary for viral conjunctivitis. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and comfort while the infection runs its course, typically one to three weeks. Over-the-counter (OTC) lubricating eyedrops, or artificial tears, can soothe irritation, reduce dryness, and flush out irritants. Cool compresses also provide relief. Antibiotics are ineffective and should not be used, as they contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Eyedrops for Bacterial Cases
Bacterial pink eye often requires prescription antibiotic eyedrops to eliminate the infection. These medications kill bacteria or prevent their growth. Common categories include fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin), macrolides (e.g., azithromycin), and combinations like polymyxin B with trimethoprim. Complete the entire prescribed course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve, to fully eradicate the infection and prevent recurrence and resistance. OTC drops are generally ineffective for bacterial infections.
Eyedrops for Allergic Cases
Eyedrops for allergic conjunctivitis alleviate symptoms caused by allergens. Antihistamine eyedrops provide rapid relief from itching and redness by blocking histamine; many are available over-the-counter. Mast cell stabilizer eyedrops prevent the release of histamine and other inflammatory substances, offering long-term management. Some drops combine both properties for comprehensive relief. Lubricating eyedrops also wash away allergens and offer soothing comfort.
When Professional Medical Advice is Needed
Consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis, as self-diagnosis can be inaccurate and delay appropriate treatment. Seek medical attention if symptoms are severe, such as intense eye pain, extreme light sensitivity, or affected vision. Professional guidance is also necessary if symptoms do not improve or worsen after a few days of over-the-counter remedies, or if there is significant pus or thick discharge. Contact lens wearers should seek prompt medical advice due to a higher risk of serious infection. Pink eye in a newborn always requires immediate medical attention, and a doctor can prescribe correct medication and rule out more serious conditions.