Nylon is a synthetic polymer belonging to the polyamide family, known for its strength and versatility. Developed by DuPont in the 1930s, it was the first commercially successful fully synthetic fiber, offering a manufactured alternative to materials like silk. Because nylon can be melt-processed into fibers, films, or molded shapes, it is used across a vast array of everyday items.
Apparel and High-Strength Fibers
Nylon’s initial fame came from its use as a textile, where it was first commercialized in toothbrush bristles and later in women’s hosiery, often referred to simply as “nylons.” The material’s molecular structure provides excellent tensile strength and elasticity, which allows fabrics to stretch and recover their shape reliably. This resilience makes it a favored material for activewear, swimwear, and jackets, where durability and a lightweight feel are desirable. Its low moisture absorption rate also means nylon fabrics dry quickly, a property that is useful in sportswear and outerwear.
The two most common forms used in fiber production are Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6. Nylon 6,6 offers higher abrasion resistance and a higher melting point, making it suitable for industrial fabrics and high-performance garments. Conversely, Nylon 6 is generally softer and easier to dye, making it the preferred choice for general apparel and carpets. Due to its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, nylon is also used in luggage, backpacks, and durable webbing.
Automotive and Mechanical Parts
Nylon is extensively used in engineering applications where its mechanical properties make it a viable replacement for metals. Its inherent durability, combined with a low coefficient of friction, makes it well-suited for components that experience constant movement and stress. For example, injection-molded Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6 are commonly manufactured into gears, bearings, and bushings, where their self-lubricating qualities reduce wear and eliminate the need for external lubrication. This allows for quieter operation and a longer service life in mechanical assemblies.
The material’s resistance to heat, chemicals, and abrasion is particularly beneficial in the automotive industry, especially for under-the-hood components. Nylon is molded into parts like engine covers, radiator end tanks, and air intake manifolds because it can withstand the elevated temperatures and exposure to oils, fuels, and coolants. Utilizing nylon in these parts significantly reduces vehicle weight compared to metal, which contributes to improved fuel efficiency. Specialized grades of nylon, such as Nylon 4/6, offer enhanced thermal stability for applications requiring even greater heat resistance.
Common Household Items
Outside of textiles and engineered components, nylon’s versatility is evident in numerous household items formed through extrusion or molding processes. The material is widely used to create filaments, such as those found in fishing line and guitar strings, where high tensile strength and a consistent diameter are necessary. Nylon 610 and 612, which exhibit improved moisture resistance, are often chosen for these filament applications.
The stiffness and abrasion resistance of nylon make it the material of choice for bristles in household brushes, including toothbrushes. Nylon fibers constitute a large portion of the residential and commercial carpet market. Smaller, everyday molded products like cable ties and certain kitchen utensils are also commonly made from nylon, benefiting from the material’s toughness and ability to withstand moderate heat.