House centipedes, scientifically known as Scutigera coleoptrata, are arthropods that often inhabit human dwellings. They have a distinctive yellowish-gray or brown body with three dark stripes. Adults typically have 15 pairs of long, slender legs, making them appear larger than their actual body length of 1 to 1.5 inches. These creatures are commonly found in damp, dark areas within homes, such as basements, bathrooms, and crawl spaces, though they can also be seen in drier rooms. House centipedes are primarily nocturnal. While their appearance can be unsettling, they are generally harmless to humans, rarely biting, and their venom poses no significant threat.
Natural Predators of House Centipedes
Within the indoor ecosystem, house centipedes encounter various natural adversaries. Spiders are notable predators, with some species feeding on house centipedes, though the reverse can also occur with larger spider species. Larger insects and arachnids, such as predatory beetles, other centipede species, and mantids, also prey on them.
Small mammals that might infiltrate household environments, including shrews, moles, and mice, can also prey on house centipedes. These small creatures forage for various invertebrates, and centipedes can become part of their diet.
Birds are general insectivores that consume a wide range of arthropods, including centipedes. These natural biological controls contribute to maintaining a balance within the indoor environment.
Deterring House Centipedes
Managing house centipede populations often involves making the indoor environment less hospitable. Reducing moisture is a primary strategy, as centipedes thrive in damp, high-humidity conditions. Utilizing dehumidifiers, running exhaust fans, and promptly repairing any plumbing leaks can significantly lower indoor humidity levels, making the space less attractive.
Sealing potential entry points into the home helps prevent centipedes from gaining access. This involves inspecting and sealing cracks and gaps in foundations, walls, and around windows and doors. Using caulk, weather stripping, and door sweeps can create physical barriers against their entry.
Reducing clutter, both indoors and immediately outside the home, eliminates hiding spots and harborage areas for centipedes. Removing piles of newspapers, cardboard boxes, and outdoor debris like leaf litter and woodpiles near the foundation minimizes their potential shelter.
Controlling other household pests, such as silverfish, cockroaches, and spiders, also serves as an indirect deterrence. Since house centipedes feed on these insects, reducing the availability of their food sources will naturally decrease centipede numbers over time. Regular vacuuming can help remove both centipedes and the food sources that attract them.