Praying mantises are well-known for their unique appearance and their ability to ambush and consume various insects. While they are efficient predators in their own right, these fascinating creatures are not at the apex of every food chain and frequently become prey for a diverse array of other animals. Understanding what preys on praying mantises provides insight into the complex interconnections of wildlife.
Avian Predators
Birds represent a significant threat to praying mantises, often spotting them from a distance with their keen eyesight. Various songbirds, such as sparrows and finches, will readily consume mantises found in their habitats. Larger birds of prey, including small hawks and kestrels, also include mantises in their diet. American Kestrels, for instance, are known to eat a variety of insects, and praying mantises can be part of their meals. Chickens, common in many rural and suburban environments, are opportunistic foragers that will readily eat praying mantises.
Mammalian and Reptilian Predators
Mammals and reptiles also contribute to the predation of praying mantises. Bats are prominent nocturnal predators, utilizing echolocation to detect flying insects. Praying mantises have evolved a single ear on their thorax that is highly sensitive to the ultrasonic calls of bats, allowing them to perform evasive maneuvers like power dives to escape capture. Despite this defense, bats remain significant predators of mantises.
Various rodents, such as mice and shrews, are known to consume insects, including praying mantises, especially smaller individuals. Lizards and frogs are also common predators of mantises, using ambush tactics to catch their insect prey.
Invertebrate Predators
Within the invertebrate world, praying mantises face threats from a range of other arthropods. Larger spiders, including some tarantulas, will prey on mantises, with the victor often determined by size. Predatory insects like certain wasps and hornets, particularly larger species such as the Asian giant hornet, can also overpower and consume mantises. These formidable insects are equipped with strong mandibles and venom that can incapacitate a mantis.
Cannibalism is a notable aspect of praying mantis behavior, especially among females who may consume males during or after mating. This act can provide the female with essential nutrients for egg production. Additionally, ants, particularly in large swarms, can overwhelm and kill mantises, especially vulnerable or smaller individuals.