Acetone, a common chemical solvent found in products like nail polish remover, also plays an unexpected role in the illicit drug trade. It is used in the manufacturing and processing of various substances. Understanding its application in illegal drug production highlights the potential health risks for individuals who consume these contaminated substances.
Acetone’s Chemical Role
Acetone, also known as propanone, is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid. It dissolves a wide range of organic compounds, making it a versatile solvent across many industries, from plastics and fibers to pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
In illicit drug manufacturing, acetone’s primary function is its effectiveness as a solvent for extraction and purification. It helps isolate desired compounds and remove impurities or unwanted byproducts from chemical reactions. Its low boiling point and high evaporation rate allow for easy removal from the final product, making it a favored chemical for clandestine drug production.
Drugs Linked to Acetone Use
Acetone is commonly found in the production of several illicit drugs, particularly those requiring purification or “washing” to enhance their potency or appearance. Methamphetamine frequently employs acetone. In its synthesis, acetone serves as a wash to purify the final product, removing residues and byproducts from the manufacturing process. Acetone is a common component in many methamphetamine “recipes.”
Cocaine production also heavily relies on acetone for purification. It removes impurities and excess reactants, resulting in a purer and more potent final product. This process, often referred to as an “acetone wash,” aims to remove cutting agents and other adulterants, which can make the cocaine appear cleaner and potentially more appealing. Acetone can also be found in the production of MDMA, where it acts as a raw material.
Health Risks of Acetone Contamination
The presence of residual acetone in illicit drugs poses significant health risks to users, distinct from the effects of the drug itself. Even at low levels, acetone can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat upon exposure. Inhaling moderate to high amounts can lead to headaches, dizziness, confusion, and nausea.
More severe or prolonged exposure to acetone can result in neurological effects, including unconsciousness. Ingesting large quantities can cause symptoms such as slurred speech, lethargy, low blood pressure, and a fruity odor on the breath. While the human body can naturally break down small amounts of acetone, consuming illicit drugs contaminated with higher levels can overwhelm the liver’s ability to process the chemical, leading to these toxic effects. Long-term exposure has indicated potential damage to the kidneys, liver, and nerves.