Ylang Ylang (pronounced “ee-lang ee-lang”) is an essential oil derived from the flowers of the Cananga odorata tree, a species native to the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia. Historically valued in aromatherapy and perfumery, the oil is prized for its distinct, heavy floral aroma, which is intensely sweet and slightly exotic. It has been used for centuries across various cultures for its aromatic properties and perceived health benefits. The term itself is sometimes translated from the Tagalog language as “flower of flowers.”
The Source and Composition of Ylang Ylang Oil
The Cananga odorata tree is cultivated primarily in tropical regions, including Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, and parts of Indonesia. The essential oil is extracted from the mature, yellow, star-shaped blossoms through steam distillation. The duration of this process determines the oil’s grade, which is categorized sequentially as Extra, I, II, and III, or a blend of all fractions known as Complete.
The Extra grade is collected during the first hour or two of distillation and contains the lightest and most volatile aromatic compounds, making it the most intensely fragrant and often the most expensive. The chemical composition of Ylang Ylang oil is complex, featuring a rich mix of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Key active constituents include Linalool, which contributes to its floral scent, as well as the sesquiterpenes Germacrene D and Beta-Caryophyllene, which influence the oil’s overall profile and effects.
Modulating Mood and Stress Response
When inhaled, Ylang Ylang oil is known for its psychophysiological effects, acting as an anxiolytic and sedative agent. The oil’s aromatic molecules travel from the olfactory system directly to the limbic system, the area of the brain responsible for emotion and memory. This interaction helps to modulate the body’s stress response and promote deep relaxation.
Inhaling the aroma can significantly influence cardiovascular markers. Exposure to the oil has been shown to reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It can also lower an elevated heart rate, suggesting a calming effect on the nervous system. The oil’s compounds may enhance the activity of GABA, a neurotransmitter that helps induce relaxation, and increase the presence of alpha brain waves, which are associated with a calm and alert state.
Use in Skin and Hair Care
Ylang Ylang oil is valued in cosmetics for its balancing effect on the skin’s sebum production. This action makes the oil beneficial for a wide range of skin types, helping to stabilize both oily and dry conditions. For individuals with oily skin, it can assist in moderating the sebaceous glands, while its moisturizing properties can nourish and hydrate dry skin.
When incorporated into hair care routines, the oil can help improve the overall appearance and health of the scalp and hair strands. It is often used to address hair dryness and enhance the hair’s natural luster and shine. By potentially stimulating the sebaceous glands, it can help condition the scalp, which is beneficial for those experiencing brittle or dull hair.
Important Usage Guidelines
Ylang Ylang essential oil must always be diluted with a carrier oil before topical application. A typical dilution ratio for general use is approximately 1 to 2 drops of essential oil per teaspoon of carrier oil, such as jojoba or coconut oil. Applying the oil “neat,” or undiluted, can lead to skin sensitization, irritation, or allergic reactions.
Before using the oil extensively, a small patch test should be conducted on a discreet area of skin to check for adverse reactions. High concentrations or prolonged exposure to the aroma can occasionally trigger headaches, so moderation is advised when diffusing. Its use is generally discouraged during pregnancy and for young children without the guidance of a qualified practitioner. Internal consumption of Ylang Ylang oil is not recommended unless specifically advised and monitored by a professional.