The platysma is a broad, thin, and superficial muscle located in the neck and lower face. This unique positioning allows it to play a noticeable role in both neck movement and facial expressions. The platysma is considered a muscle of facial expression, despite being predominantly in the neck.
Where the Platysma Is
The platysma muscle originates from the fascia covering the upper chest muscles, specifically the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles. From this origin, it extends upwards over the collarbone and ascends through the front and sides of the neck. Its fibers then spread out, inserting into various points in the lower face.
These insertion points include the lower border of the jawbone (mandible), the skin of the lower lip and chin, and even blending with some facial muscles around the mouth. The platysma forms a wide, sheet-like structure that is exceptionally superficial, positioned within the subcutaneous tissue of the neck, directly beneath the skin.
What the Platysma Does
The platysma muscle performs several actions, primarily involving the lower jaw, lips, and neck skin. It helps to depress the mandible, which aids in opening the mouth. This muscle also contributes to movements of the lower lip and the corners of the mouth, pulling them downwards. This action is integral to various facial expressions.
The platysma is also responsible for tensing the skin of the neck. When it contracts, it can create a slight wrinkling of the neck’s surface or a “bowstring” effect on either side. This muscle’s actions contribute to expressions such as sadness, surprise, horror, frowning, or grimacing.
How the Platysma Affects Appearance
The actions and condition of the platysma muscle have a noticeable impact on the appearance of the neck and lower face. When the muscle contracts strongly or becomes prominent, it can lead to the formation of vertical bands or cords in the neck. These are often referred to as platysmal bands and are a common cosmetic concern. Increased muscle activity, such as during strenuous exercise, can make these bands more visible.
With age, the platysma can lose tone or become lax, contributing to sagging skin and a less defined jawline. This can result in what is commonly described as a “turkey neck” appearance. The muscle’s tone and activity significantly influence the overall contour and definition of the jawline and neck. Furthermore, its pulling action on the lower lip and mouth corners directly contributes to expressions like a frown or a look of fear, affecting the overall facial aesthetic.