Stertor refers to a specific type of noisy breathing caused by partial airflow obstruction in the upper airway. This condition produces distinct sounds that can indicate various underlying issues, ranging from minor congestion to more significant anatomical concerns. Understanding stertor’s characteristics, common causes, and how it differs from other breathing sounds like stridor can help individuals recognize when medical attention might be necessary.
What Stertor Sounds Like
Stertor is a low-pitched, non-musical sound, often described as snoring, snorting, or gurgling. This sound is generated by the vibration of soft tissues in the nasopharynx or oropharynx, the areas behind the nose and mouth. When air passes through a partially narrowed upper airway, it creates turbulence that causes these tissues to vibrate, resulting in the characteristic noisy breathing.
The sound of stertor can be likened to someone breathing through water or a very loud snore, similar to sounds associated with significant nasal congestion. It typically occurs during the inspiratory phase of breathing, meaning it is most noticeable when air is drawn into the lungs.
Common Causes of Stertor
Stertor develops from a partial blockage or narrowing in the upper respiratory tract, specifically in the nasal passages, nasopharynx, or oropharynx. Common causes include enlarged tonsils and adenoids, which physically impede airflow. Nasal congestion due to allergies or common colds also frequently leads to stertor by obstructing the nasal passages.
Other factors contributing to stertor involve anatomical abnormalities or swelling. These can include an elongated soft palate, deviated nasal septum, or foreign objects in the airway. Swelling of pharyngeal tissues from infections or inflammation can also cause obstruction. The sound is often more pronounced during sleep or when lying down, as gravity can further contribute to the collapse of soft tissues in the airway.
Stertor Versus Stridor
Differentiating stertor from stridor is important due to their distinct origins and implications. Stertor is a low-pitched sound resulting from obstruction above the larynx, specifically in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, or oropharynx. It is often described as a snoring or snorting noise, indicating an issue with the flexible, softer tissues of the upper airway.
In contrast, stridor is a high-pitched, harsh, or whistling sound. It signifies an obstruction lower in the airway, typically at the larynx (voice box) or trachea (windpipe). Stridor occurs due to turbulent airflow through a narrowed, more rigid part of the airway. While stertor can be a relatively benign sound, stridor often suggests a more significant or serious airway compromise.
When Stertor Requires Medical Attention
While stertor can be a temporary and harmless symptom, certain signs indicate it warrants professional medical evaluation. If stertor appears suddenly or is accompanied by signs of respiratory distress, it is a cause for concern. These distress signals include gasping for air, noticeable difficulty breathing, flaring of the nostrils, or the skin pulling in around the ribs or collarbone with each breath.
Changes in skin color, such as bluish lips, face, or fingertips, also suggest a serious lack of oxygen and require immediate medical attention. Other concerning symptoms include fever, excessive drooling, changes in consciousness, irritability, or poor feeding, especially in infants. If stertor significantly interferes with normal breathing or sleep patterns, a doctor’s visit is advisable to determine the underlying cause and ensure proper management.