Spinal cancer involves abnormal growths of cells within or surrounding the spinal cord and its protective bones (vertebrae). These growths can be primary, originating in the spine, or secondary, spreading from cancer elsewhere in the body. Symptoms typically arise when these growths exert pressure on the spinal cord or its branching nerves.
Understanding the Pain
Pain often emerges as the earliest and most common symptom of spinal cancer. This discomfort can be localized to the back or neck, depending on the tumor’s position, but it frequently radiates to other areas such as the hips, legs, feet, or arms. The pain varies, often described as a dull ache, deep throbbing, or a sharp, shooting, or burning sensation.
The pain usually begins subtly and increases gradually, becoming persistent and more intense. A distinguishing feature of spinal tumor pain is its tendency to worsen at night or with rest, often disrupting sleep. Unlike typical back pain, it may not improve with common pain relievers or rest. Activities like coughing, sneezing, or straining can also intensify the discomfort.
Neurological Sensations
Pressure from a spinal tumor on nerves or the spinal cord can lead to various neurological sensations. Individuals may experience numbness and tingling in the arms, legs, chest, or torso. This can also manifest as a general reduction in sensitivity to touch, temperature, or pain in affected regions.
Muscle weakness frequently develops, making limbs feel heavy or difficult to move. This weakness can progressively worsen, leading to challenges with everyday tasks like walking, gripping objects, or maintaining balance, which may result in falls. Coordination issues, such as clumsiness or difficulty with fine motor skills, might also become apparent.
Other Physical Manifestations
Beyond pain and neurological deficits, spinal cancer can cause other physical changes. Issues with bowel and bladder control are possible, including difficulty urinating, urinary or fecal incontinence, or constipation.
Involuntary muscle contractions, such as spasms or cramping, may occur in areas affected by the tumor. In some instances, particularly if the tumor affects the stability of the spinal bones, a noticeable spinal deformity like a curve (scoliosis) or a palpable lump might develop.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many conditions can cause back pain and neurological symptoms, certain indicators warrant prompt medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare professional if you experience new or worsening back pain, especially if it is constant, severe, or intensifies at night or with rest, and does not seem related to a specific injury.
Seek immediate attention for progressive weakness, numbness, or tingling in your arms or legs. The sudden onset of bowel or bladder problems also necessitates urgent medical care. If you have a history of cancer and develop new back pain, have it evaluated without delay. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.