Skin cancer is a prevalent condition, and understanding its early signs is important for timely intervention. While many people focus on sun-exposed areas like the face and arms, skin cancer can also develop in less obvious locations, such as the ear.
Factors Making the Ear Vulnerable
The ear’s anatomy makes it particularly susceptible to sun damage and, consequently, skin cancer. Its prominent position on the side of the head means it receives significant exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation throughout the day. Many individuals often overlook applying sunscreen to their ears, leaving this delicate skin unprotected from harmful UV rays. The thinness of the skin on the ear also contributes to its vulnerability, making it more prone to sun-induced cellular damage.
Appearance of Basal Cell Carcinoma on the Ear
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common type of skin cancer that frequently appears on the ear. It often presents as a small, pearly or waxy bump that may have a slightly translucent appearance. These lesions can also manifest as a flat, flesh-colored or brown patch resembling a scar. Sometimes, a BCC on the ear may appear as a sore that bleeds, crusts, and then seems to heal only to return later. This type of cancer typically grows slowly and often does not spread to other parts of the body.
The texture of a BCC can vary, sometimes feeling firm to the touch. Visible blood vessels, or telangiectasias, may be present on the surface of the lesion, making it appear reddish. While generally painless, some individuals might experience a mild itch or tenderness associated with the growth.
Appearance of Squamous Cell Carcinoma on the Ear
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is another common form of skin cancer found on the ear. This type of cancer can appear as a firm, red nodule that may feel tender or painful to the touch. Another common presentation is a flat, scaly patch with a crusted surface. These lesions can sometimes develop into an open sore that does not heal, or that repeatedly bleeds and scabs over.
The surface of an SCC on the ear may be rough or irregular, and it can sometimes become ulcerated. SCCs can grow more rapidly and have a greater potential to spread if left untreated.
Appearance of Melanoma on the Ear
Melanoma, while less common than BCC or SCC, is a more aggressive form of skin cancer that can also develop on the ear. It often presents as a new mole or a change in an existing one, characterized by the “ABCDE” criteria:
- Asymmetry: One half of the lesion does not match the other.
- Border irregularity: Uneven, notched, or scalloped edges.
- Color variation: Multiple shades within the lesion, including tan, brown, black, red, white, or blue.
- Diameter: Larger than 6 millimeters.
- Evolution: Any change in size, shape, color, elevation, or new symptoms like bleeding, itching, or crusting.
Melanoma on the ear might occasionally appear as a red or skin-colored lesion without typical dark pigmentation, making it more challenging to identify.
Signs That Warrant Medical Attention
Any new spot, mole, or growth on the ear that changes in size, shape, or color should be examined by a healthcare professional. A sore or lesion on the ear that does not heal within a few weeks, or one that repeatedly bleeds, crusts, or oozes, also requires medical evaluation. Persistent itching, tenderness, or pain associated with a spot on the ear are additional signs that should prompt a visit to a doctor.