“Sclerae are anicteric” is a medical observation indicating the healthy appearance of the white parts of the eyes. This finding suggests the absence of specific underlying health issues, particularly those affecting the liver.
Understanding Anicteric Sclerae
The term “anicteric sclerae” describes eyes where the white part, known as the sclera, appears clear and without any yellowish discoloration. The sclera is a robust, fibrous outer layer of the eyeball, providing structural support and protection from injury. Its white color comes from dense collagen fibers.
A healthy, white sclera is a positive indicator of well-being. It suggests that the body is effectively processing bilirubin, a yellowish substance produced during the breakdown of red blood cells.
When Sclerae Are Not Anicteric
When the sclerae are not anicteric, they appear yellow, a condition called icteric sclerae or jaundice. Jaundice occurs due to an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, which then deposits in tissues like the skin and eyes. The liver typically filters bilirubin for excretion.
Various conditions can lead to bilirubin buildup and yellow sclerae. Liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, impair the liver’s ability to process bilirubin effectively. Blockages in the bile ducts, caused by gallstones or certain cancers, can prevent bilirubin from being properly excreted. Additionally, some medications, including certain antibiotics, pain relievers like acetaminophen, and anabolic steroids, can affect liver function and contribute to jaundice. Yellow sclerae warrant prompt medical evaluation to identify the underlying cause.
Other Scleral Color Changes
Beyond yellowing, the sclera can exhibit other color changes that may signal different health concerns. Redness in the sclera can stem from common irritations, allergies, or infections like conjunctivitis. A bright red patch, known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage, occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks beneath the clear surface of the eye, often from straining or coughing. These usually resolve without intervention.
A blue or gray tint to the sclera can be observed in infants due to thinner scleral tissue, allowing underlying blood vessels to show through. In adults, it might indicate certain systemic conditions, such as osteogenesis imperfecta. Brown or black spots on the sclera can be normal pigmentation, but they should be monitored by a healthcare professional.