Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease known for affecting joints. RA’s systemic nature means it can impact other body parts, including causing chest pain. For some, chest pain can emerge. Understanding RA-related chest pain helps both those affected and their healthcare providers.
Describing the Sensation of RA Chest Pain
Chest pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis can manifest in various ways. Individuals describe the pain as localized, felt around the breastbone, ribs, or occasionally in the back. The discomfort can range from a sharp, stabbing sensation to a dull ache, pressure, or a burning feeling.
The pain is exacerbated by certain movements or activities. Deep breaths, coughing, sneezing, changes in posture, or applying pressure to the affected area can intensify the discomfort. While localized, it can sometimes radiate to the back or shoulder.
The severity of RA chest pain can vary from mild discomfort to intense pain. Its duration can be constant, intermittent, or fleeting. Rest and anti-inflammatory medications can offer relief.
How Rheumatoid Arthritis Causes Chest Pain
Rheumatoid arthritis can cause chest pain through inflammation of structures within the chest. Costochondritis, inflammation of the cartilage connecting ribs to the breastbone, is a common cause. This condition causes localized chest wall pain that worsens with movement or pressure on the ribs.
Pleurisy, inflammation of the thin lining surrounding the lungs and chest wall, is another cause. It results in sharp, piercing chest pain that intensifies with deep breaths, coughing, or sneezing.
Pericarditis, inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart, can cause sharp or stabbing chest pain behind the breastbone or on the left side. This pain may improve when sitting up and leaning forward. Rheumatoid nodules, firm lumps, can sometimes form in the lungs or heart, causing discomfort if they rupture or become inflamed.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, is a complication of RA contributing to chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and a dry cough. Certain RA medications, like NSAIDs, can also cause gastrointestinal side effects such as heartburn, which may be perceived as chest discomfort.
Distinguishing RA Chest Pain from Other Conditions
Differentiating RA-related chest pain from other causes, especially cardiac events, is crucial. Cardiac pain is described as pressure, squeezing, or tightness across the chest. It radiates to the left arm, jaw, or back and can be accompanied by shortness of breath, sweating, or nausea. Cardiac pain is triggered by physical exertion.
Gastrointestinal pain, such as heartburn, presents as a burning sensation or indigestion, often related to meals or lying down. Panic attacks can also cause chest discomfort, characterized by sudden, intense fear, hyperventilation, and tingling sensations.
RA-related chest pain has distinct features. It is sharp, localized, and reproducible with specific movements or by pressing on the affected area. Unlike cardiac pain, it is not associated with exertion or the broader symptoms of a heart attack. However, self-diagnosis is not recommended for any new or worsening chest pain.
When to Seek Medical Help
Any new or worsening chest pain warrants prompt medical attention for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Certain symptoms indicate an emergency. Call emergency services if you experience sudden, severe chest pain accompanied by shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or pain radiating to the arm or jaw. These symptoms could signal a serious cardiac event.
For non-emergency situations, consult a healthcare provider. This includes new or worsening chest pain that interferes with daily activities or does not respond to usual RA management strategies.
If you have concerns about your current RA treatment or suspect your chest pain relates to your condition, contact your doctor for guidance. Do not ignore chest pain, particularly when living with a systemic inflammatory condition like rheumatoid arthritis.