Pre-Admission Testing (PAT) is the medical screening process required before a planned surgical procedure or hospital admission. This appointment gathers essential information about your current health status and medical history. The goal of PAT is to ensure your body is adequately prepared for the physiological stress of surgery and the subsequent recovery period.
Why Pre-Admission Testing Is Essential
The purpose of PAT is to identify and address any potential health risks before they complicate your procedure. This screening enhances patient safety and optimizes the surgical outcome. The PAT team, often including nurses and anesthesiologists, uses the gathered information to build a comprehensive plan tailored to your unique health profile.
Identifying pre-existing medical conditions is a primary function of the testing process. Conditions like undiagnosed heart rhythm irregularities, uncontrolled blood pressure, or underlying lung issues increase the risk of complications during or after surgery. By discovering these issues beforehand, the medical team can consult with specialists and implement corrective measures, such as adjusting medication or scheduling further evaluation.
A thorough assessment of all current medications is also performed, as certain drugs and supplements can interact dangerously with anesthesia or increase bleeding risk. This information allows the anesthesia team to tailor the anesthesia plan precisely to your body’s needs and existing conditions. They choose the right type and volume of agents for the safest experience and a smoother, more predictable recovery.
Key Evaluations Performed During PAT
The PAT appointment involves a medical history review, a physical assessment, and diagnostic tests. Specific requirements vary based on your age, health history, and the complexity of the planned surgery. A nurse typically begins by taking basic measurements, including your weight, height, temperature, and blood pressure, known as vital signs.
Laboratory work is a standard part of the process, often involving a blood draw and sometimes a urine sample. Common blood tests include a Complete Blood Count (CBC) to check for anemia or infection, and a chemistry panel to assess kidney function, liver function, and electrolyte balance. Coagulation studies, which measure how quickly your blood clots, are performed to manage potential bleeding issues during surgery.
Diagnostic imaging and heart function tests are often ordered, particularly for older patients or those with a history of heart or lung disease. An Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) records the electrical activity of your heart to detect abnormal rhythms or signs of previous heart damage. A Chest X-ray may also be required to look for issues like pneumonia or other lung irregularities that could affect breathing under anesthesia.
An interview with an anesthesia provider or nurse is often included in the PAT process. This allows them to review your medical history, discuss any previous experiences with anesthesia, and explain the plan for your procedure.
Preparing for Your PAT Appointment
Preparing thoroughly for your PAT appointment helps reduce the chance of delays and ensures the medical team has all the necessary information. The appointment may take one to three hours, depending on the number of tests ordered. You should bring a comprehensive list of all current medications, including dosages, over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
It is helpful to bring contact information for any specialists you see, such as a cardiologist, along with any recent medical records to avoid duplicate testing. If dietary restrictions are necessary, such as fasting for blood work, the PAT team will provide instructions beforehand. Generally, you can take your usual medications unless explicitly told otherwise.
The PAT appointment is also when you receive instructions on how to prepare for the surgery, such as pre-operative bathing procedures or guidelines on which medications to stop taking. Once evaluations are complete, the results are reviewed by the surgical and anesthesia teams to confirm clearance. Testing is typically scheduled one to four weeks before your procedure to allow time to address any issues that may arise.