Plaque on teeth is a common oral issue that many people encounter daily. While plaque itself does not typically possess a distinct taste, its presence can contribute to various sensations within the mouth. Understanding this film is important for maintaining good oral health.
Understanding Plaque’s Composition and Formation
Dental plaque is a sticky, colorless biofilm that continuously forms on tooth surfaces. This film is primarily composed of bacteria, food particles, and saliva. Bacteria in the mouth feed on sugars and starches, producing acids. These acids, along with bacteria and carbohydrates, form dental plaque. Plaque begins to build up on teeth within minutes after eating. It can form on all surfaces of the mouth where bacteria reside, including on teeth, between teeth, and below the gum line.
The Sensory Experience of Plaque
Freshly formed plaque is often colorless and tasteless, making it difficult to detect visually or through taste alone. However, its accumulation can alter the perception of other tastes. A buildup of plaque can lead to a “furry” or “slimy” sensation on the teeth when touched with the tongue. As bacteria within plaque metabolize food particles, they produce waste products, including volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). These VSCs contribute to bad breath, which can manifest as an unpleasant smell or a sour/metallic taste. Untreated cavities and gum infections, both linked to plaque, can also cause a foul taste or alter how flavors are perceived.
Health Implications of Untreated Plaque
Allowing plaque to remain on teeth can lead to several oral health problems. The acids produced by plaque bacteria attack tooth enamel, leading to demineralization and cavities. This process can create holes in the tooth structure, which may cause pain and sensitivity if left untreated. Plaque also irritates the gums, resulting in an inflammation called gingivitis. Symptoms of gingivitis include redness, swelling, and bleeding gums, particularly during brushing or flossing. If gingivitis is not addressed, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that damages the tissues and bone supporting the teeth, potentially leading to tooth loss.
Effective Strategies for Plaque Control
Controlling plaque buildup is achieved through consistent oral hygiene practices. Brushing teeth for two minutes at least twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste is a method for plaque removal. Holding the brush at a 45-degree angle towards the gum line and using gentle, circular motions helps effectively clean all tooth surfaces and along the gums. Flossing once a day is also important, as it removes plaque and food particles from between teeth and along the gum line where a toothbrush cannot reach.
Mouthwash can be a beneficial addition to an oral hygiene routine, helping to reduce bacteria that contribute to plaque formation and reaching areas that brushing and flossing might miss. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also important for plaque control. Dental professionals use specialized instruments to remove hardened plaque, which cannot be removed by regular brushing and flossing. These consistent efforts help minimize plaque accumulation and support long-term oral health.