Miscarriage is often a physically and emotionally challenging experience. Understanding the types of tissue that may be passed can provide clarity during this difficult time. This article provides factual information about the appearance of placental tissue during a miscarriage, helping individuals know what to expect.
Understanding Miscarriage and the Placenta
A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation. Most miscarriages occur during the first trimester (initial 13 weeks), often due to chromosomal issues.
The placenta is a temporary organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. It establishes a vital connection between the pregnant individual and the developing fetus. Its primary function involves transferring oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood to the growing baby and removing waste products. This organ also produces essential hormones that maintain pregnancy progression and facilitate fetal development.
How Placental Tissue Appears During Miscarriage
Placental tissue passed during a miscarriage can have a variable appearance. Its color often ranges from dark red or purplish to grayish-white or light pink. The texture can be spongy, fleshy, or liver-like, and it may also appear clotted. Sometimes, it exhibits a fibrous or lacy consistency.
The size and shape of placental tissue are highly variable, ranging from small fragments to larger, irregular masses. Distinct from typical blood clots, placental tissue may show evidence of small blood vessels or a network-like structure. It can look like a blood clot mixed with gray-white material, or it might contain a membrane-like component.
Other Tissues You Might See
During a miscarriage, other types of tissue may also be passed.
Blood Clots
Blood clots are common and typically appear dark red and jelly-like. These clots can be significantly larger than those experienced during a menstrual period, sometimes ranging from the size of a dime to that of a lemon.
Uterine Lining (Decidua)
The uterine lining, known as decidua, may also be expelled. This tissue can be thick, stringy, or fleshy, and it typically lacks the distinct vascular pattern or spongy texture characteristic of the placenta. It may appear grayish or pinkish, and in some instances, the entire uterine lining can shed in one piece, forming what is known as a decidual cast.
Gestational Sac
If present, a gestational sac might be seen as a small, clear, or fluid-filled sac. This translucent membrane is often round or oval and can appear greyish or off-white.
Fetal Tissue
Fetal tissue, especially in very early miscarriages, may not be visible to the naked eye due to its microscopic size. If the pregnancy was further along, visible fetal tissue would be very small and embryonic, possibly appearing as a tiny figure. It might be pink or greyish, and in some cases, identifiable features like a developing head or small limbs might be observed.
Next Steps After Passing Tissue
Following the passing of tissue during a miscarriage, contacting a healthcare provider is an important next step. They can confirm that the miscarriage is complete and monitor for potential complications. A medical evaluation often includes an ultrasound to ensure all pregnancy tissue has been expelled from the uterus.
Healthcare providers may request to examine the passed tissue for diagnostic purposes, such as chromosomal testing. If advised to collect tissue, place it in a clean container and store it in a refrigerator, not frozen, until it can be brought to the clinic. The emotional impact of a miscarriage can be profound. Seeking emotional support from loved ones, support groups, or mental health professionals is beneficial during this time of grief and healing.