Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono, is a viral illness often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This condition typically affects teenagers and young adults, though it can occur at any age. Mono is often referred to as “the kissing disease” because the virus spreads primarily through saliva, although it is not as contagious as common colds. Understanding the distinct visual signs of mono, particularly in the throat, can help in recognizing this common infection.
Visual Signs of Mono in the Throat
Individuals with mono frequently experience a noticeable and often severe sore throat, which presents with specific visual characteristics. The throat typically appears very red and inflamed, resembling a severe bacterial infection like strep throat.
A prominent feature of mono is the substantial enlargement of the tonsils. They can become so swollen that they nearly touch each other in the back of the throat, a condition sometimes referred to as “kissing tonsils”, contributing to difficulty swallowing and discomfort.
White, grey, or yellow-white patches, known as exudate, often cover the surface of the tonsils and sometimes extend to the back of the throat. These patches can appear sticky or pus-like. The presence of this exudate on swollen, red tonsils is a strong indicator of the illness.
Small, pinpoint red spots, called petechiae, may also be visible on the soft palate. These tiny spots result from minor bleeding under the mucous membrane and can be an early sign of mononucleosis. Petechiae on the palate are found in approximately 50% of young adults with mono within the first few days of the illness.
Associated Symptoms and When to Seek Medical Advice
Beyond the distinct throat manifestations, mono is accompanied by a range of other systemic symptoms. Extreme fatigue is a hallmark symptom, often lasting for weeks or even months after other symptoms subside. A fever, typically between 100°F and 103°F (37.8°C and 39.4°C), is also common, especially during the initial phase of the illness.
Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the neck and armpits, are common. These glands may feel tender to the touch and can remain enlarged for several weeks. Some individuals may also experience an enlarged spleen, an organ located in the upper left abdomen, which can make contact sports risky due to the potential for rupture.
Seek medical advice if you suspect mono or have concerning symptoms. Consult a healthcare provider for a persistent severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing or trouble breathing, inability to drink fluids, severe or worsening fatigue, or a fever that lasts longer than a few days. A doctor can typically diagnose mono through a physical examination, checking for swollen lymph nodes and an enlarged spleen, and may confirm the diagnosis with blood tests that detect antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus.