Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a white, free-flowing powder derived from wood pulp. This purified cellulose is chemically inert, meaning it does not readily react with other compounds. Its stable nature makes it a valuable component in numerous formulations across various industries.
Where Microcrystalline Cellulose is Found
Microcrystalline cellulose is utilized across several sectors.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as a common component in tablets and capsules, including prescription and over-the-counter medications. Its presence helps in the manufacturing process of these solid dosage forms.
In food products, MCC acts as a texturizer, anti-caking agent, and stabilizer. It is found in processed foods, baked goods, dairy products, and desserts, where it helps improve consistency and prevent clumping. For instance, MCC is used in low-fat ice cream to maintain a creamy texture without adding significant calories.
Dietary supplements frequently incorporate MCC as a filler or bulking agent. This helps in creating the desired size and volume for tablets and capsules, especially when the active ingredient is present in small quantities. MCC is also present in cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, creams, and makeup, functioning as an abrasive, absorbent, and texturizer.
How Microcrystalline Cellulose Functions
Microcrystalline cellulose offers a range of functional properties. It serves as a binder, holding ingredients together in solid forms such as tablets. When compressed, MCC particles interlock, creating strong, stable tablets. This property is beneficial in both pharmaceutical and food manufacturing, ensuring product integrity.
MCC also functions as a filler or diluent, adding bulk to formulations without contributing active ingredients. This is important in tablets and capsules where the active substance is small, allowing for a manageable dose size.
As a disintegrant, MCC helps tablets break apart in the digestive system. Upon contact with fluids, MCC absorbs water and swells, disrupting the tablet matrix and facilitating the release of active ingredients.
MCC also acts as a stabilizer and emulsifier, helping to maintain texture and prevent separation in food and cosmetic products. Its hydrophilic nature allows it to absorb moisture, which can extend product shelf life. As an anti-caking agent, it prevents powdered substances from clumping. MCC improves mouthfeel and consistency as a texturizer and thickener in various food items.
Is Microcrystalline Cellulose Safe?
Microcrystalline cellulose is widely recognized as a safe ingredient. Regulatory bodies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), generally recognize it as safe (GRAS) for use in normal quantities. It is derived from natural sources and is an inert substance.
When ingested, MCC passes through the digestive system largely unchanged, similar to dietary fiber. It is not degraded during digestion and has no appreciable absorption into the bloodstream. While generally well-tolerated, consuming very large quantities might lead to mild digestive issues such as bloating, gas, or changes in bowel habits for some individuals. Adverse effects at typical consumption levels are not commonly reported, and its widespread use in various consumer products supports its safety profile.