Mastic gum is a natural, aromatic resin derived from the Pistacia lentiscus tree, an evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean region. Often called the “tears of Chios,” it is harvested almost exclusively on the Greek island of Chios, where the unique microclimate encourages its production. The pale yellow droplets are collected after making small incisions in the tree’s bark, allowing the sap to flow out and harden. For over 2,500 years, traditional Mediterranean medicine has valued mastic gum; the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates documented its use for stomach ailments and oral health. The substance contains a complex mixture of over 120 compounds, including triterpenic acids and volatile essential oils, which contribute to its therapeutic profile.
Targeting Gastrointestinal Issues
Mastic gum is studied for its positive impact on the gastrointestinal tract, largely due to its ability to combat harmful bacteria and reduce inflammation. Research focuses on its antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that colonizes the stomach lining and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and increases the risk of gastric cancer. The resin’s compounds, particularly masticonic acids, disrupt the integrity of the bacterial cell wall and inhibit specific enzymes H. pylori uses to survive in the acidic stomach environment.
Mastic gum has shown potency against various H. pylori strains, including those resistant to conventional antibiotics. Laboratory studies show doses as low as 1 milligram per day inhibit bacterial growth. Higher doses, such as 1.05 grams daily, have resulted in the eradication of the infection in a significant portion of human patients. Beyond antibacterial effects, mastic gum has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This dual action helps soothe and protect the stomach and duodenum lining from irritation caused by chronic infection.
The traditional use of mastic gum for dyspepsia, including heartburn and stomach discomfort, is supported by modern clinical findings. Randomized controlled trials suggest that taking mastic gum can significantly reduce the severity of these symptoms compared to a placebo. Mastic gum serves as a supportive agent for digestive health. However, due to mixed results in some human trials and the seriousness of H. pylori infection, it is considered a promising complementary therapy rather than a replacement for standard medical treatments.
Effects on Dental and Oral Wellness
When chewed, mastic resin benefits oral hygiene. The mechanical action stimulates saliva flow, the mouth’s natural defense for neutralizing acids and washing away food particles. This increased saliva production helps restore a balanced pH level, creating an environment less favorable for decay-causing bacteria.
The resin’s components exhibit a strong antibacterial effect against major oral pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species, which cause dental plaque and tooth decay. Studies show that chewing mastic gum for as little as 15 minutes significantly reduces the count of S. mutans in the saliva. This targeting prevents bacterial adhesion to tooth enamel, reducing plaque accumulation and the risk of cavities.
The ability of mastic gum to reduce the overall bacterial load also contributes to its effectiveness in reducing halitosis, or chronic bad breath. The antimicrobial action directly addresses the volatile sulfur compounds produced by bacteria, which are the source of unpleasant odors. Regular use can be incorporated into an oral care routine to support gingival health.
How Mastic Gum is Used and Safety Considerations
Mastic gum is available in several forms suited to different goals. The raw resin, sold as small “tears,” is primarily chewed for oral health. For internal issues like gastrointestinal complaints, it is consumed in encapsulated powder form or as an oil extract. Typical dosages studied for internal use range from 1 to 2.8 grams per day, often divided into multiple doses.
When using capsules for specific issues, such as H. pylori management, regimens often involve 1,000 to 1,500 milligrams daily for several weeks. Mastic essential oil is also found in dental products like toothpaste and mouthwash. Consumers should select products sourced from Chios, Greece, to ensure the authenticity and concentration of the active compounds.
Side effects of mastic gum are typically mild and infrequent. The most commonly reported adverse events relate to the gastrointestinal system and can include minor constipation, nausea, or diarrhea. People with known allergies to plants in the same family, such as pistachio or cashew, should exercise caution. While research suggests it is safe for short-term use (up to three months), there is limited data on its long-term safety profile. Before starting any new supplement, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended.