What is Knee Bursitis?
Knee bursitis involves the inflammation of a bursa, a small, fluid-filled sac located near a joint. These sacs cushion bones, tendons, muscles, and skin, reducing friction during movement. When a knee bursa becomes irritated or inflamed, it fills with excess fluid, leading to bursitis. This inflammation disrupts the smooth gliding action bursae provide for the knee joint.
Recognizing the Signs of Knee Bursitis
Knee bursitis presents with visual and physical signs. Localized swelling is a common visual indicator, appearing as a distinct lump or bulge on or around the kneecap. The affected area can also show redness and feel warm to the touch, indicating inflammation.
Physical symptoms accompany these visual changes. Pain is frequent, ranging from mild tenderness to sharp discomfort, especially when pressure is applied or during knee movement. The inflamed bursa area feels tender when touched. Significant swelling can also restrict the knee’s range of motion, making it difficult to fully bend or straighten the leg.
Common Locations of Knee Bursitis
The appearance of knee bursitis depends on which bursa is affected. Prepatellar bursitis, sometimes called “housemaid’s knee,” presents as swelling directly over the kneecap. This type is common in individuals who spend extended periods kneeling. The swelling here appears as a soft lump in front of the patella.
Infrapatellar bursitis, also known as “clergyman’s knee” or “jumper’s knee,” involves swelling just below the kneecap. This inflammation affects the bursa between the patellar tendon and the shinbone. Swelling in this location is less prominent than prepatellar bursitis but still causes pain and tenderness directly under the kneecap.
Pes anserine bursitis causes swelling on the inner side of the knee, a few inches below the joint line. This bursa lies beneath three hamstring tendons, making it susceptible to inflammation from overuse or direct pressure. Swelling here is less outwardly visible but can cause significant tenderness and pain when climbing stairs or walking.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical attention if you suspect knee bursitis, especially if signs of infection are present. These include fever, spreading redness around the knee, or the presence of pus, which warrant immediate medical evaluation. Such symptoms suggest a more serious condition.
Severe pain that interferes with daily activities or the inability to bear weight on the affected leg also warrants consulting a healthcare professional. Rapid swelling or symptoms that do not improve after several days of rest and home care, such as applying ice and elevating the leg, indicate a need for professional diagnosis. A healthcare provider can assess the condition and recommend treatment strategies.