When medication is administered “buccally,” it means the drug is placed in the buccal area, the inside of the cheek. This method involves holding the medication between the gum and the inner lining of the cheek, allowing it to dissolve. This facilitates direct absorption of active ingredients into the bloodstream, offering an alternative to traditional swallowing through the digestive system.
Understanding Buccal Administration
Buccal medications are absorbed through the mucous membranes lining the inside of the cheek. This area has a rich network of blood vessels, enabling the active drug to diffuse directly into the systemic circulation. This absorption bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and the liver, a significant advantage for certain medications.
Avoiding the digestive system and the liver means the medication is not subjected to “first-pass metabolism.” This process involves the liver breaking down a significant portion of a drug before it reaches general circulation, reducing its effectiveness. Bypassing this process, buccal administration can lead to a faster onset of action and higher bioavailability, meaning more of the drug reaches its target in the body. This route is beneficial for patients who have difficulty swallowing pills, or for drugs degraded by stomach acid or enzymes. It is also used for medications requiring rapid systemic effects, such as certain pain medications or emergency treatments.
Administering Medications Buccally
Proper administration of buccal medication begins with hand hygiene. The mouth should be relatively clean, so avoiding food or drinks just before administration is advisable. The medication, often a tablet or thin film, is placed between the gum and the inner cheek, usually in the upper jaw area.
Allow the medication to dissolve slowly and naturally. Chewing, crushing, or swallowing the medication prematurely can hinder its absorption and reduce its effectiveness. During the dissolution process, refrain from eating, drinking, or talking excessively, as these actions can dislodge the medication or accelerate its breakdown. Some individuals might experience a tingling or numb sensation where the medication is placed as it dissolves.
For repeated doses, alternate sides of the mouth to prevent localized irritation to the mucous membrane. After the medication has dissolved, which can take several minutes depending on the specific product, ensure no residue remains. If the medication is accidentally swallowed, its effectiveness may be reduced, but adverse effects are minimal.