Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the final set of molars to emerge in the mouth. They typically appear in late adolescence or early adulthood, usually between the ages of 17 and 25. For many, their eruption is a noticeable process with various signs and sensations. Recognizing these indicators helps understand when these teeth are growing in.
Identifying the Visual Cues
As wisdom teeth begin to emerge, changes occur in the back of the mouth. The gum tissue behind the second molars may appear red or dark pink and become noticeably swollen. This irritation is a natural response to the tooth pushing through the gum line.
A small part of the wisdom tooth may become visible, appearing as a white speck or cusp through the gums. This indicates partial eruption. These visual cues are always at the back corners of the upper and lower jaws.
Accompanying Physical Sensations
The emergence of wisdom teeth brings various physical sensations. Individuals report a dull ache or throbbing pressure in the back of the jaw or gums. This discomfort can be constant or intermittent, sometimes radiating to areas like the ears or temples.
Tenderness and pressure in the back of the mouth are common. The gums over the erupting tooth may feel sore and can sometimes bleed. Chewing can become uncomfortable, and some people might accidentally bite their cheek or tongue.
Potential Problems During Eruption
Wisdom teeth eruption can lead to complications, primarily due to limited jaw space. One common issue is impaction, where the tooth cannot fully emerge and remains trapped beneath the gums or bone. Impaction can be mesial (angled forward), distal (angled backward), vertical (correct position but trapped), or horizontal (lying on its side).
A partially erupted wisdom tooth can create a gum flap, which traps food particles and bacteria. This can lead to pericoronitis, an infection of the gum tissue around the tooth, characterized by swelling, pain, and sometimes pus. Untreated, pericoronitis can cause bad breath, a foul taste, facial swelling, or difficulty opening the mouth.
Impacted or misaligned wisdom teeth can exert pressure on adjacent teeth, potentially damaging them or increasing the risk of decay and gum disease. A fluid-filled sac called a cyst can form around an impacted wisdom tooth, which may damage surrounding bone or tooth roots if not addressed.
Knowing When to Consult a Dentist
Consult a dentist if you experience persistent pain, severe swelling, or signs of infection. Symptoms include red, inflamed gums, pus discharge, a bad taste in your mouth, or fever. Difficulty opening your mouth fully or jaw stiffness also warrants professional attention.
Regular dental check-ups, especially during the late teens and early twenties, monitor wisdom teeth development. Dentists use X-rays to assess their position and identify potential problems. Proactive evaluation addresses issues before they escalate, as removal is often simpler and recovery faster at a younger age before roots fully form and bone density increases.