Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last set of adult teeth to emerge in the mouth. These teeth typically appear during the late teens or early twenties. While some individuals experience no issues, their emergence is often a noticeable process that can involve various sensations and symptoms.
The Initial Sensations
As wisdom teeth begin to break through the gums, individuals may experience a range of primary sensations in the back of the jaw. A dull ache or soreness near the back of the jaw is a common feeling as the tooth pushes through the surrounding tissue. This discomfort might also manifest as a general feeling of pressure or tightness in the area. Some people describe a throbbing sensation, which can vary in intensity.
Common Accompanying Symptoms
Beyond the direct sensations, the eruption of wisdom teeth often brings several other physical signs and symptoms. Swelling and tenderness in the gum tissue (gingiva) around the emerging tooth are frequently reported, often accompanied by redness.
Jaw pain or stiffness is another common symptom, which can sometimes make it difficult to open the mouth wide. Headaches and earaches may also occur, potentially due to pressure exerted by the emerging teeth or referred pain. Some individuals might also notice an unpleasant taste in their mouth or bad breath, which can indicate issues related to the emerging tooth.
Why Wisdom Teeth Cause Discomfort
The discomfort associated with wisdom teeth primarily stems from mechanical and inflammatory processes within the mouth. A common reason for pain is the lack of sufficient space in the jaw for these new molars to fully erupt, which can cause them to push against adjacent teeth, leading to pressure and shifting.
Inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding a partially emerged wisdom tooth, known as pericoronitis, is another significant cause of pain. This occurs when a flap of gum tissue covers part of the tooth, trapping food particles and bacteria, which can lead to infection. Wisdom teeth can also emerge at awkward angles or become trapped beneath the gum line, a state known as impaction, contributing to discomfort.
When to Seek Professional Advice
It is important to seek professional dental advice if symptoms related to wisdom teeth become severe or persistent. Persistent severe pain that does not subside with over-the-counter pain relievers warrants a dental visit. Significant swelling that makes eating, talking, or swallowing difficult is a concerning sign. Signs of infection, such as fever, pus discharge, spreading redness, or a foul taste and odor in the mouth, require immediate attention.
An impacted wisdom tooth can lead to complications such as cysts, damage to neighboring teeth, or increased risk of tooth decay. Dentists often use X-rays to evaluate the position of wisdom teeth and determine if they are impacted or if they pose a risk to oral health. Addressing these issues promptly can prevent more serious complications from developing.