A broken jaw, medically known as a mandibular fracture, signifies a break in the jawbone. This injury often results from significant force impacting the face. It is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent further complications and ensure proper healing.
Recognizing the Signs
Severe pain in the face or jaw is a primary indicator, often worsening with any attempt to move the jaw. This pain typically localizes in front of the ear or on the affected side of the face. Swelling and bruising around the jaw or cheek are also common visible signs.
Difficulty or inability to open the mouth widely, or problems closing it fully, indicate a jaw fracture. The jaw may feel stiff, or it might move to one side when attempting to open it. A noticeable change in how teeth fit together, or a feeling that the bite is “off,” suggests that the jawbone has shifted from its normal alignment. This misalignment occurs due to the displacement of bone fragments.
Numbness or tingling in the lower lip or chin can also occur, which points to potential nerve damage caused by the fracture. Bleeding from the mouth is another symptom, sometimes accompanied by loose or damaged teeth. A lump or an abnormal appearance of the cheek or jaw may become visible, reflecting the underlying bone displacement. Ear pain can also be present due to the proximity of the jaw joint to the ear canal.
Typical Causes
A broken jaw most frequently results from direct impact or trauma to the face. Common scenarios include motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries, particularly in contact sports.
Accidental falls, especially those involving landing on the face, can lead to a broken jaw. Physical altercations or assaults are another frequent cause. Industrial or workplace accidents can also cause fractures.
Immediate Steps to Take
If a broken jaw is suspected, seeking immediate medical attention is important. Contacting emergency services or going to the nearest emergency room is recommended. While awaiting professional help, several first aid measures can be taken to support the injured individual.
Gently support the jaw to prevent unnecessary movement, perhaps by holding it with the hands. A bandage, cloth, or scarf can be wrapped under the jaw and over the top of the head to help stabilize it. Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the affected area for 15 to 20 minutes can help reduce swelling and discomfort. If there is bleeding from the mouth, applying gentle pressure with a sterile cloth can help control it.