Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins located in or around the anus. They can occur internally, within the lower rectum, or externally, under the skin around the anus. Many individuals experience hemorrhoids, with about half developing them by age 50. Over-the-counter creams are a common initial approach for managing their uncomfortable symptoms.
How Hemorrhoid Creams Provide Relief
Hemorrhoid creams offer topical relief from symptoms of swollen hemorrhoidal tissues. They reduce inflammation and provide temporary comfort from discomfort. These creams often alleviate itching, burning, and pain. Some formulations also soothe irritation and help shrink swollen tissues, contributing to overall symptom reduction. While effective for symptom management, these creams typically do not cure the underlying condition of hemorrhoids.
Common Active Ingredients and Their Functions
Hemorrhoid creams contain specific active ingredients, each contributing to symptom relief through different mechanisms.
Vasoconstrictors
Vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, temporarily narrow blood vessels in the affected area. This action helps to decrease swelling and discomfort.
Protectants
Protectants like zinc oxide, petrolatum, mineral oil, and lanolin form a physical barrier on the skin. This barrier protects irritated areas, prevents dryness, and soothes the affected skin.
Astringents
Astringents, such as witch hazel, help reduce swelling and inflammation. They also provide relief from itching and burning sensations.
Local Anesthetics
Local anesthetics, including lidocaine and pramoxine, numb the affected area. They quickly relieve pain, itching, and burning by working on nerves to block sensations.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, are potent anti-inflammatory agents. They reduce swelling, itching, and redness. Hydrocortisone is often recommended for short-term use to calm inflammation.
Proper Application and When to Use Creams
Proper application of hemorrhoid creams is important for optimal effectiveness. Before applying, cleanse the affected area with mild soap and warm water, then rinse thoroughly and gently pat it dry. For external hemorrhoids, apply a small amount directly around the anus with a finger. If applying internally, an included applicator can be gently inserted into the rectum after being lubricated.
Creams are typically used for symptoms such as itching, burning, mild pain, and discomfort. Application can be done up to four times daily, often in the morning, at bedtime, and after each bowel movement. It is recommended to avoid a bowel movement for at least two hours after internal application to allow the cream to work. These creams are appropriate for temporary relief of symptoms associated with both external and internal hemorrhoids when an applicator is provided.
When Professional Medical Advice is Needed
While hemorrhoid creams offer temporary relief, they are not a cure. It is important to consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen after about a week of using over-the-counter creams. Persistent bleeding from the rectum, severe pain, or no improvement are reasons to seek medical attention. A doctor should also be consulted if a hemorrhoid prolapses and cannot be easily pushed back in, or if symptoms disrupt daily life. Rectal bleeding, though common with hemorrhoids, can indicate more serious conditions, making a medical evaluation important to determine the cause.