Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins that can develop around the anus or in the lower rectum. They are a common condition, affecting approximately half of all adults by age 50. Hemorrhoid creams serve as a common over-the-counter solution specifically designed to alleviate the uncomfortable symptoms associated with these swollen veins. Their primary purpose is to provide temporary relief from itching, pain, swelling, and burning sensations, allowing individuals to manage flare-ups more comfortably.
How Hemorrhoid Creams Work
Hemorrhoid creams offer relief through several mechanisms, primarily targeting the symptoms experienced during a flare-up. These topical treatments work to reduce inflammation, numb painful sensations, and help shrink swollen tissues. They also create a protective barrier over the irritated skin, which can prevent further aggravation and promote healing.
The creams are formulated to provide localized effects, meaning they act directly on the affected area. By addressing symptoms like itching, burning, and discomfort, they help improve daily comfort. While effective for temporary symptom management, these creams do not cure hemorrhoids or prevent their recurrence.
Common Active Ingredients
Hemorrhoid creams often contain a combination of active ingredients, each contributing to different aspects of symptom relief.
Vasoconstrictors
Vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, temporarily narrow blood vessels in the affected area. This action helps reduce swelling, discomfort, pain, and itching.
Anesthetics
Anesthetics like lidocaine and pramoxine numb the area, providing temporary relief from pain, burning, and itching. These local anesthetics block nerve signals in the skin, reducing discomfort.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, are anti-inflammatory agents that reduce swelling, redness, and itching. They suppress the immune response and minimize the release of inflammatory substances. Over-the-counter creams typically contain lower concentrations of hydrocortisone, while higher strengths may require a prescription.
Astringents
Astringents, like witch hazel, help reduce inflammation and can shrink swollen blood vessels. They provide a soothing and cooling effect, relieving itching and irritation.
Protectants
Protectants, including zinc oxide, mineral oil, and petrolatum, form a physical barrier on the skin. This barrier shields irritated tissue from friction and moisture, aiding healing and preventing discomfort.
Proper Application and Usage
Correct application of hemorrhoid cream is important for effectiveness and safety. Before applying, thoroughly cleanse the affected area with mild soap and water, then gently pat it dry. This step helps ensure the area is clean and free from irritants before treatment.
For external hemorrhoids, squeeze a pea-sized amount of cream onto your finger and gently apply it to the swollen area around the anus. If the product includes an applicator for internal hemorrhoids, attach it to the tube, lubricate the tip, and carefully insert it one to two inches into the rectum. After application, always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water.
Apply hemorrhoid cream up to four times daily, typically in the morning, at bedtime, and after each bowel movement. Adhere to the specific instructions on the product packaging, as dosage and frequency can vary between different brands and formulations. If symptoms persist or worsen after about seven days of consistent use, consult a healthcare provider.
When to Seek Professional Medical Care
While hemorrhoid creams effectively manage symptoms, professional medical attention is sometimes necessary. Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist for more than seven days despite consistent home treatment, or if they worsen. This includes increased pain, swelling, or itching that does not improve.
Seek prompt medical care for rectal bleeding, as it can indicate more serious conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer. Also seek care for signs of infection, such as fever, unusual discharge, or pus. Other reasons to consult a doctor include significant changes in bowel habits, severe abdominal pain, or if a hemorrhoid becomes severely painful, hard, or dark in color (indicating a blood clot).