Hemorrhoids are a common condition involving swollen veins in the rectum or anus. They can cause discomfort, itching, and pain. Over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams are a common treatment to alleviate these symptoms and provide temporary relief.
How Hemorrhoid Creams Alleviate Symptoms
Many creams reduce inflammation, a primary cause of swelling and irritation. This action shrinks swollen tissues and lessens pressure.
Creams also contain ingredients that numb the area, providing temporary relief from pain and itching. Some products include ingredients that constrict blood vessels, reducing swelling and bleeding. Additionally, certain creams form a protective barrier over irritated skin, shielding it from aggravation and promoting healing.
Common Active Ingredients and Their Roles
Hemorrhoid creams contain various active ingredients to address different symptoms:
Hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid, reduces inflammation and itching by suppressing the local immune response.
Local anesthetics like lidocaine or pramoxine numb nerve endings, providing temporary relief from pain, burning, and itching.
Phenylephrine, a vasoconstrictor, narrows blood vessels to shrink swollen tissues and reduce discomfort.
Witch hazel, an astringent, reduces swelling and soothes the irritated area.
Protectants like zinc oxide, petrolatum, or glycerin create a physical barrier. This barrier protects inflamed tissues from irritation, prevents moisture loss, and supports healing. Some products also contain mineral oil or shark liver oil for emollient and protective properties.
Important Considerations for Using Hemorrhoid Cream
Clean the affected area gently with mild soap and water, then pat dry before applying. For external hemorrhoids, apply a thin film to the irritated skin. For internal use, lubricate the applicator and insert it gently into the rectum, following product instructions.
Hemorrhoid creams are for short-term use. Most over-the-counter products recommend not exceeding 7 days of continuous use without a doctor’s consultation. Prolonged use of certain ingredients, like hydrocortisone, can lead to thinning of the skin or other side effects.
While generally well-tolerated, mild side effects like temporary stinging or irritation may occur at the application site. Stop using the cream and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, if there is no improvement within a few days to a week, or if you experience bleeding, severe pain, or signs of an allergic reaction like rash or swelling. A doctor can determine the underlying cause of persistent symptoms and recommend alternative treatments.