Hand fungus, known as tinea manuum on the skin and onychomycosis on the nails, is a common fungal infection of the hands. These infections are caused by microscopic organisms called dermatophytes, which thrive in warm, moist environments. Recognizing the visual characteristics of hand fungus is helpful, but a professional diagnosis is always recommended.
Visual Signs on the Skin
Tinea manuum, fungal infections on the skin of the hands, present with distinct visual cues. On the back of the hands, these infections appear as itchy, round patches, which may be red or pink on lighter skin tones and brown or gray on darker skin tones. These patches can develop into rings or circles with clearer centers, often featuring raised, scaly borders. This “ringworm” pattern is a common sign of a fungal infection, even though no actual worm is involved.
The palms may show different signs, frequently appearing dry, thickened, and scaly. This dryness can lead to deep cracks in the skin, sometimes with white scaling in the creases. Tiny blisters filled with clear fluid may form, particularly on the sides of the fingers or on the palm, which can ooze and itch or burn. Tinea manuum often affects only one hand, though it can spread to both.
Visual Signs on the Fingernails
When a fungal infection affects the fingernails, it is termed onychomycosis. The infection often begins as a small white or yellow-brown spot under the tip of the nail. As the fungus grows deeper, discoloration spreads, turning the nail yellow, brown, white, or even green or black.
Infected nails typically become thickened, brittle, and crumbly. They may also become misshapen or distorted. In advanced stages, the nail can separate from its bed, sometimes leaving debris underneath.
Distinguishing from Other Conditions
Distinguishing hand fungus from other common skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis is important because their treatments differ significantly. Both hand fungus and eczema can cause dry, itchy, and discolored rashes. However, hand fungus often presents with distinct circular or ring-shaped patches that have raised borders. Eczema typically lacks such well-defined borders and may cause more intense itching. Hand fungus is also contagious and can spread, whereas eczema is not.
Psoriasis can also mimic fungal infections. Psoriasis often results in thickened, red patches with silvery scales, but these usually do not have the characteristic ring-like appearance of tinea manuum. Unlike fungal infections, psoriasis is an autoimmune condition and does not spread like a contagious infection. Contact dermatitis and general dry skin also cause redness, flaking, and itching, but they lack the specific patterns, progressive thickening, or deep-seated nail changes seen with fungal infections. Hand fungus frequently affects only one hand, a pattern less common in eczema.
When to Seek Professional Advice
Identifying hand fungus based solely on visual signs can be challenging, as many skin conditions share similar symptoms. If uncertain about a hand rash or nail changes, consult a healthcare professional. Seek medical guidance if symptoms worsen, pain develops, or the infection appears to be spreading.
Professional diagnosis is recommended if over-the-counter antifungal treatments show no improvement after a few weeks, or if the condition recurs. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or a weakened immune system, should seek prompt medical attention for any suspected fungal infection. A healthcare provider can perform tests, like a skin scraping or nail clipping analysis, to accurately diagnose and recommend effective treatment.