Granulation tissue is a normal part of the body’s healing process after injury or surgery. This specialized tissue forms to repair damaged areas, consisting of new connective tissue, microscopic blood vessels, and white blood cells. It acts as a temporary framework, helping close wounds and prepare the area for permanent tissue growth.
Visual Characteristics of Granulation Tissue in the Mouth
Inside the mouth, granulation tissue appears soft, moist, and varies in color. Its shades range from bright red or pale pink to whitish or creamy white. The surface is bumpy, granular, or irregular, giving it its name. This tissue feels soft and cushiony, differentiating it from surrounding healthy gum tissue.
Granulation tissue often appears as a fleshy growth filling a wound site. It commonly forms in oral healing areas like tooth extraction sites, especially after wisdom tooth removal. It also appears along healing ulcers, other oral wounds, or on the lips, tongue, or inner cheek. Unlike pus or food debris, granulation tissue is firmly attached to the healing site, indicating active repair.
Common Reasons Granulation Tissue Forms in the Mouth
Granulation tissue formation is a natural step in oral healing, beginning shortly after a wound. After injury or surgery, a blood clot forms to stop bleeding and protect the site. Within days, granulation tissue replaces this clot, acting as a foundation for new tissue. The body’s response to trauma drives this process, mobilizing collagen, white blood cells, and blood vessels.
It frequently forms during post-surgical healing, such as after tooth extractions, including wisdom teeth removal. It also develops during gum grafting procedures or after dental implant placement. Granulation tissue forms in response to oral injuries like cuts, burns, ulcers, and sores. This tissue prevents infection by acting as a barrier and prepares for new gum and bone tissue.
When to Seek Professional Advice
While granulation tissue is a normal sign of healing, certain symptoms warrant professional evaluation. Healthy granulation tissue usually shows decreasing discomfort. However, persistent or worsening severe pain, especially radiating to the ear or jaw, needs immediate attention. A foul odor or unpleasant taste that doesn’t improve with rinsing is also concerning.
Changes in the tissue’s appearance can signal a problem. Tissue that is dark purple or black, or has white or yellow pus, suggests an issue. Worsening swelling after a few days, excessive bleeding, or fever also warrant a consultation with a dentist or oral surgeon. If the tissue falls out too soon, exposing bone, it could indicate a dry socket, a painful complication requiring professional care.