An epidural is a common method of pain management, particularly during labor and delivery. It involves injecting anesthetic medication into the epidural space, an area around the spinal nerves in the lower back. This creates a band of numbness from the belly button to the upper legs, effectively blocking pain signals from reaching the brain. The individual remains awake and aware. The medication can be administered as a single injection or continuously through a thin tube, called a catheter, which remains in place.
Preparing for Epidural Placement
Before the epidural needle is inserted, the individual typically sits up and curls forward or lies on their side, curving their back to open the spaces between the vertebrae. The anesthesiologist cleans the skin on the lower back with an antiseptic solution to minimize infection. A local anesthetic is then injected into the skin at the insertion site.
This initial injection feels like a sharp pinch or sting, similar to a bee sting, lasting a short period. It creates numbness in the area, significantly reducing discomfort during the main epidural procedure.
Experiencing Epidural Insertion
After the local anesthetic takes effect, the anesthesiologist inserts a larger needle to locate the epidural space. A thin, flexible catheter is then threaded through this needle. The needle is carefully removed, leaving only the catheter in place, which is secured to the back with tape.
During this procedure, individuals typically feel pressure in the lower back. Some may experience a dull ache or a sensation of pushing as the needle and catheter advance. If the catheter briefly brushes against a nerve, a fleeting tingling sensation, sometimes described as an “electric shock” or “funny bone” feeling, may occur, but this is usually temporary. The goal is to feel pressure, indicating proper placement, without significant pain.
Sensations After the Epidural Takes Effect
After the epidural medication begins to work, a gradual reduction in pain is experienced, creating a band of numbness from the abdomen down through the legs. While pain diminishes, it is common to still feel pressure, especially during contractions. This sensation of pressure can help guide pushing efforts during labor.
Alongside pain relief, other sensations may occur, such as warmth or tingling in the lower body. A feeling of heaviness or weakness in the legs is also common, which may make it difficult to move them independently. Individuals remain awake and alert throughout the process. The degree of pain relief can vary, and some may experience incomplete pain relief.
Common Post-Epidural Sensations
As the epidural medication is discontinued or wears off, sensations gradually return to the lower body. This process typically takes a few hours, with full feeling often returning within a day. During this time, individuals may experience a slight tingling sensation as nerve function reactivates.
Temporary side effects can include itching, a common reaction to the medications used. Soreness or tenderness at the injection site in the lower back is also common and usually resolves within a few days. While temporary numbness or weakness in the legs can persist, these sensations typically improve as the epidural fully wears off.