Uterine fibroids are common, non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus. These growths can vary significantly in size, from as small as a pea to as large as a melon. While some individuals with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may encounter a range of discomforts, with pain being a frequently reported concern. This article will explore the typical sensations associated with fibroid pain.
Understanding the Sensation
Fibroid pain often manifests as a feeling of pressure or heaviness in the lower abdomen or pelvis. This sensation can be described as a constant fullness, akin to carrying a heavy weight, extending to the lower back or upper thighs. These growths can exert pressure on surrounding organs, contributing to this feeling.
Cramping, resembling menstrual cramps, may be more intense, prolonged, or occur outside the typical menstrual period. These cramps often result from the uterus contracting to expel the fibroid or fibroid interference with normal uterine function. Discomfort can range from a dull ache to sharp, intermittent spasms.
Sharp or stabbing pain can occur, particularly if a pedunculated fibroid twists or rapidly grows. This acute pain is often localized and sudden. A constant dull ache might be present throughout the day, often concentrated in the pelvic region or lower back.
How Pain Varies
Fibroid pain intensity fluctuates based on several factors. Size and location within the uterus play a considerable role. For instance, fibroids on the outer surface might press on the bladder, causing urinary discomfort, or on the bowel, causing constipation.
Pain associated with fibroids frequently intensifies during menstruation. This is because increased uterine contractions and blood flow during menstruation can exacerbate fibroid pressure and discomfort. The additional strain on uterine muscles can heighten pain.
A fibroid can outgrow its blood supply, leading to degeneration and sudden, severe pain. This occurs when fibroid tissue dies from lack of blood, triggering an acute inflammatory response. Physical activity, such as exercise, may also worsen discomfort by placing additional pressure on the pelvic area or causing temporary shifts in the fibroid’s position.
Other Symptoms to Note
Fibroid pain often occurs alongside other symptoms affecting daily life. Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) is a common companion to painful periods with fibroids. This excessive bleeding can lead to fatigue and anemia over time.
Increased urinary frequency or a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying can also accompany fibroid pain. This results from fibroids pressing against the bladder, reducing its capacity or irritating its lining. Similarly, pressure on the rectum can lead to constipation or difficulty with bowel movements.
Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) may also occur. This arises when fibroids cause discomfort or obstruction during vaginal penetration. These symptoms provide additional context to fibroids’ impact on health.
When Professional Help is Needed
Consult a healthcare professional if fibroid pain becomes persistent or worsens. Pain that begins to interfere with daily activities, work, or quality of life warrants medical evaluation. A sudden onset of new or severe pain, particularly if sharp and debilitating, should prompt immediate medical attention.
Accompanying symptoms, such as unusually heavy menstrual bleeding leading to dizziness or severe fatigue, indicate professional consultation. These symptoms can suggest significant blood loss requiring intervention. A medical diagnosis is crucial to identify the pain’s cause, rule out other conditions, and discuss treatment options.
Citations:
Uterine fibroids. Mayo Clinic. [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-fibroids/symptoms-causes/syc-20354288]
Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. [https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/uterine-fibroids]