Diverticular bleeding occurs when small pouches, called diverticula, that have formed in the wall of the large intestine begin to bleed. These pouches develop in weak spots along the colon, and bleeding happens if a tiny blood vessel within one of these diverticula erodes. This condition is a common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Visual Characteristics of Diverticular Bleeding
Diverticular bleeding typically presents as a sudden and often significant amount of blood from the rectum. The blood is usually bright red or maroon in color, indicating that it is fresh or has traveled a relatively short distance through the digestive tract before exiting. Individuals might observe large volumes of blood in the toilet bowl or mixed with their stool. Clots, which can be dark, may also be present alongside the liquid blood.
The bleeding itself is commonly painless, distinguishing it from other causes of gastrointestinal discomfort or pain. While the amount can vary from mild spotting to heavy hemorrhaging, it often appears substantial.
Distinguishing Features and Accompanying Symptoms
A notable characteristic of diverticular bleeding is its typical lack of pain. Unlike other gastrointestinal issues that cause bleeding alongside abdominal discomfort, the bleeding from diverticula often occurs without associated pain. However, some individuals might experience mild cramping or a sensation of urgency before or during a bowel movement. This feeling is generally due to blood irritating the colon or its rapid passage.
Significant blood loss can lead to systemic symptoms as the body reacts to the reduced blood volume. These effects might include lightheadedness, dizziness, or weakness. In more severe cases, a person could experience fainting or a rapid heart rate due to low blood pressure.
When to Seek Medical Care
Any instance of significant rectal bleeding, particularly if it appears bright red or maroon, warrants immediate medical attention. Contact a doctor or go to an emergency room for evaluation. Medical professionals need to assess the amount of blood lost and monitor vital signs to ensure stability.
Even if the bleeding appears to stop on its own, a medical evaluation is important to determine the exact cause and to prevent potential recurrence. Diagnostic tests will help identify the source of the bleeding and guide appropriate management. Early assessment ensures proper care and addresses underlying conditions.