Dialysis is a medical treatment that filters waste products and excess fluid from the blood when natural kidney function declines. It is used for individuals with kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While dialysis is a life-sustaining therapy, the experience varies considerably, encompassing a range of physical sensations and emotional responses. Understanding these aspects provides insight into the journey of someone undergoing dialysis.
Preparing for a Session
Before a hemodialysis session, preparation involves accessing the bloodstream. This involves connecting to an arteriovenous (AV) fistula or graft, requiring two needles inserted into the access site. Patients may feel a sharp, brief pain during needle insertion, similar to a blood draw. For those with a central venous catheter, the connection process is less painful.
For peritoneal dialysis (PD), preparation centers on creating a sterile environment at home. This involves setting up the dialysis solution bags and connection lines. Patients may feel anticipation as they connect to the cycler machine for automated exchanges or prepare for manual exchanges. The process requires focus.
Sensations During Hemodialysis
During hemodialysis, blood leaves the body, passes through an artificial kidney (dialyzer), and then returns. Patients may report a cooling sensation as their blood circulates through the machine. Muscle cramps can occur, commonly in the lower legs, related to fluid removal. Nausea and dizziness are also possible, linked to a drop in blood pressure as excess fluid is rapidly removed.
Other physical sensations include itching, which may result from waste product accumulation between sessions. Fatigue is a common experience during treatment, as the process places physical stress on the body. The sounds of the dialysis machine become a familiar part of the environment. Emotionally, individuals may feel boredom due to the several hours spent connected to the machine, or a sense of routine and even relief that their blood is being cleansed.
Sensations During Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the abdominal lining (peritoneum) as a natural filter. During the “fill” phase, patients feel the dialysate fluid entering their abdomen, which can create sensations of fullness, bloating, or pressure. This pressure can lead to abdominal discomfort or back pain. As the fluid dwells in the abdomen, gurgling sounds or a “sloshing” sensation may be reported.
The process occurs at home, offering more flexibility compared to in-center hemodialysis. Patients using an automated cycler overnight may notice the quiet hum of the machine, while those performing manual exchanges experience a structured routine. Emotionally, peritoneal dialysis can foster a sense of control over one’s treatment schedule. However, the constant presence of fluid in the abdomen and the daily routine can also feel invasive or lead to concerns about body image.
The Immediate Aftermath
Immediately following a dialysis session, individuals may experience what is often described as “dialysis hangover.” This can manifest as fatigue, which may range from mild to severe and can last for several hours or even into the next day. Muscle weakness and lightheadedness are also common, particularly after hemodialysis due to the rapid fluid and electrolyte shifts. Thirst can be an intense sensation after treatment.
Despite these challenging physical sensations, there is often a sense of relief that the session is complete and waste products have been removed. To cope with post-dialysis symptoms, patients are advised to rest and manage fluid intake. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can also help in managing fatigue and improving overall well-being.