Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the digestive tract, most commonly the small and large intestines. Individuals with Crohn’s disease often experience a range of symptoms, and changes in bowel movements are a common indicator of disease activity.
Common Characteristics of Bowel Movements
Stool consistency often presents as frequent, loose, or watery diarrhea, sometimes entirely liquid. Fatty stools, known as steatorrhea, are another distinct characteristic. These appear greasy, bulky, pale, may float or be difficult to flush, and often have a foul odor due to undigested fat.
The color of bowel movements can vary. Bright red blood (hematochezia) indicates lower digestive tract bleeding, while dark, tarry stools (melena) suggest bleeding higher up. Pale or clay-colored stools can occur with fat malabsorption. Green stools may appear if food passes too quickly, preventing complete digestion.
Mucus, appearing as white or yellowish streaks or a gel-like coating, is common due to inflammation. Undigested food particles may also be visible. Bowel movement frequency often increases, sometimes ranging from 2 to 30 times in 24 hours, accompanied by a sudden, intense urge (bowel urgency).
Understanding the Underlying Causes of Changes
Inflammation damages the digestive tract lining, affecting its ability to absorb water and nutrients. An inflamed intestinal lining can lead to increased water and electrolyte secretion, contributing to diarrhea.
Damage to the small intestine, especially the ileum, impairs fat and nutrient absorption, causing malabsorption. This is the primary reason for steatorrhea, where fats are not properly digested and passed in the stool. Rapid movement of contents through inflamed intestines also contributes to diarrhea and undigested food.
Ulceration and inflammation can cause open sores in the intestinal lining that bleed, leading to blood in the stool. Chronic inflammation can also lead to narrowing of the intestines (strictures), making it difficult for stool to pass and potentially causing constipation or small, hard stools.
Associated Symptoms to Monitor
Crohn’s disease often presents with other symptoms. Abdominal pain and cramping are frequently experienced, often after eating. This pain can range from mild to severe and may be felt in different parts of the abdomen depending on the affected digestive tract area.
Fatigue is common, resulting from inflammation, nutrient malabsorption, or anemia. A persistent fever may also occur. Loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss are frequently observed, as the disease can make it difficult to eat or absorb enough nutrients.
Nausea and vomiting can occur, especially if inflammation leads to intestinal narrowing or obstruction. These associated symptoms, alongside changes in stool characteristics, indicate Crohn’s disease activity.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Seek medical attention for ongoing changes in bowel habits or symptoms suggestive of Crohn’s disease. Persistent or worsening diarrhea, especially if chronic, warrants evaluation. Blood in the stool, whether bright red or dark and tarry, is a significant indicator requiring prompt medical assessment.
Severe, unresolved abdominal pain or cramping should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider. Unexplained weight loss, dehydration, or fever with digestive symptoms are additional reasons to consult a doctor. Any changes in bowel habits or symptoms significantly affecting daily life should be discussed for proper diagnosis and management.