Coyote scat, or droppings, offers valuable insights into the presence and habits of these wild canids in a given area. Identifying coyote scat helps people understand local wildlife populations.
Characteristics of Coyote Scat
Coyote scat typically has a tubular or rope-like shape, often appearing twisted or segmented. It usually tapers to a point at one or both ends. Most coyote droppings are between 3 to 5 inches long and about 0.5 to 1.5 inches in diameter, though larger male coyotes can produce scat up to 6 to 12 inches in length.
The color of coyote scat depends on their diet and how recently it was deposited. Meat-rich diets result in dark scat (black to dark red), while bone and hair lead to gray or white. Berries or plant matter produce lighter or brighter colors. Over time, sunlight exposure can bleach scat, making it lighter.
Coyote scat almost always contains visible remnants of their diet, such as fur, small bones, insect exoskeletons, seeds, or berries, providing direct evidence of what the animal has been eating. While often described as having a musky or gamey odor, it is generally less pungent than domestic dog feces. Coyotes often deposit their scat in prominent locations, such as along trails, at trail junctions, or on elevated spots like rocks or logs, serving as a form of territorial marking.
Distinguishing Coyote Scat from Other Animals
Coyote scat can sometimes be confused with that of other animals, but specific characteristics help differentiate it. Domestic dog feces are typically more uniform in texture and shape, lacking the visible inclusions of fur, bone, or seeds common in coyote scat. Dog droppings also tend to be softer and are frequently found in residential areas.
Fox scat is similar in form to coyote scat, often containing fur, bone, or seeds, but it is considerably smaller. Fox droppings are generally pencil-thin, measuring around 2 to 3 inches long and about 0.5 inches in diameter, and often have pointed ends. In contrast, wolf scat is much larger than coyote scat, typically exceeding 1 inch in diameter, though it shares the tubular, rope-like appearance and often contains similar dietary inclusions.
Feline scat, such as that from bobcats or mountain lions, usually appears more segmented and “log-like.” These animals have highly efficient digestive systems, meaning their scat rarely contains visible fur or bone fragments. Felines often attempt to bury their scat, or it may be found in scratched-out areas. Bobcat scat is generally 3 to 5 inches long and 0.5 to 1 inch in diameter, while mountain lion scat is larger, up to 5 inches long and 1.25 inches in diameter.
Why Identify Coyote Scat?
Identifying coyote scat serves several practical purposes for understanding wildlife activity. Its presence indicates coyote activity and movement in an area. Scat contents reveal their diet, indicating local prey availability and seasonal foraging shifts.
Coyotes also use their scat for territorial marking. By strategically depositing droppings, coyotes communicate their presence and define territory, contributing to their social structure. Observing these signs helps track their presence and understand their behavior.
Safety and Handling
Encountering coyote scat requires caution due to potential health risks. Scat can carry parasites, such as tapeworms like Echinococcus multilocularis, and bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella, which can be harmful to humans and pets. Direct contact with bare hands should be avoided.
If handling is necessary, wear protective gear like gloves and a face mask, and use a shovel or similar tool to pick up the scat. After removal, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water. Keep pets and children away from areas where scat has been found to prevent potential disease transmission. For disposal, place the scat in a sealed bag and discard in a secure trash receptacle. Disinfecting the area with a bleach solution after removal can help eliminate any remaining pathogens.