Colitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the large intestine. This inflammation alters digestive function, leading to noticeable changes in bowel movements. Understanding these changes can provide early indicators of the condition’s presence or a flare-up. This article explores how colitis influences the appearance of stool.
Appearance of Stool in Colitis
Changes in stool appearance are a common symptom of colitis. The presence of blood is frequently observed, appearing as bright red streaks, mixed in, or as clots. Bright red blood typically indicates bleeding from the lower digestive tract, while darker blood may suggest bleeding higher up.
Mucus is another common finding. Normally invisible, inflammation of the colon lining can lead to an overproduction of mucus, making it noticeable in the stool. This excess mucus might appear as clear, white, or yellowish strands or a slimy coating.
Colitis also affects stool consistency and frequency. Many individuals experience persistent diarrhea, characterized by loose, watery, or liquid stools. Urgency to have a bowel movement is common, sometimes leading to a feeling of incomplete emptying. The frequency of bowel movements can increase significantly during flare-ups, with some experiencing multiple movements per day.
Underlying Causes of Stool Changes
Stool changes in colitis stem directly from colon inflammation. When the large intestine lining becomes inflamed, its ability to absorb water is impaired, leading to increased fluid content and loose, watery diarrhea.
Inflammation can also cause small sores or ulcers to develop on the colon’s inner lining. These ulcers can bleed, resulting in blood in the stool. The extent and location of these ulcers influence the amount and color of blood observed.
The colon produces mucus as a protective mechanism. In response to inflammation, the intestinal lining may produce an increased amount of mucus. This excess mucus is then expelled with stool, making it visible and contributing to the slimy appearance.
Accompanying Symptoms Beyond Stool
While stool changes are a primary indicator, colitis often presents with other symptoms. Abdominal pain and cramping are frequently reported, often preceding or accompanying bowel movements. This discomfort can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of inflammation.
An urgent need to use the bathroom is also common. Fatigue is another symptom, which can be due to the body’s inflammatory response, nutrient malabsorption, or frequent nocturnal bowel movements. Some may experience unintentional weight loss or a fever, particularly during severe flare-ups.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Seek medical advice if you notice persistent or concerning changes in your bowel habits. Any new or recurring presence of blood or mucus in your stool, especially if accompanied by diarrhea or abdominal pain, warrants a consultation. These symptoms could indicate colitis or other digestive conditions that require proper diagnosis.
Immediate medical attention is necessary for more severe symptoms, such as heavy, persistent diarrhea, significant blood loss with clots, severe abdominal pain, or a high fever. A doctor can perform diagnostic tests, including stool tests and endoscopic procedures, to determine the cause of your symptoms and establish an accurate diagnosis.